The Fundamental Concepts of Technical Indicators

23 juil. 2023

Trading indicators are essential tools used by traders and investors to analyze price data, identify trends, and make informed decisions in financial markets. They provide valuable insights into market dynamics, helping market participants gain a competitive edge. This comprehensive explainer will delve into what trading indicators are, how they are utilized, and the differences between two prominent strategies: trend following and mean reversion. Additionally, we will explore the importance of using binary and discrete indicators together to enhance trading effectiveness.

Part 1: Understanding Trading Indicators

1.1 Definition of Trading Indicators

Trading indicators are mathematical calculations based on price, volume, or open interest data that provide graphical representations of market conditions. These calculations help traders visualize price trends, momentum, volatility, and potential reversals. Indicators serve as a supplementary layer of analysis, offering a structured and objective approach to interpreting market behavior.

1.2 Types of Trading Indicators

Trend Indicators: Identify the direction and strength of prevailing trends, such as Moving Averages (MA), Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), and Ichimoku Cloud.

Oscillators: Measure overbought and oversold conditions, such as Relative Strength Index (RSI), Stochastic Oscillator, and Commodity Channel Index (CCI).

Volume Indicators: Assess trading volume to confirm price movements, like On-Balance Volume (OBV) and Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP).

Volatility Indicators: Gauge the level of price fluctuations, including Bollinger Bands and Average True Range (ATR).

Part 2: Utilizing Trading Indicators

2.1 Trend Following Strategy

Trend following is a popular trading strategy that capitalizes on the continuation of established trends. Traders using this approach seek to identify uptrends or downtrends and ride them for extended periods. Trend following indicators are ideally suited for identifying the direction of a trend and capturing profits during strong market movements.

Example of Trend Following Indicator: Fourier Smoothed Stochastic (FSTOCH)


(Indicators like the FSTOCH help traders reveal underlying trends in the market)

The Fourier Smoothed Stochastic is an advanced tool that utilizes the Stochastic Oscillator in combination with Fourier Transform analysis to identify and ride prevailing trends. By providing smoother signals, it helps traders stay on course with the established trend, allowing for more accurate entries and exits. Its ability to filter out market noise makes it an ideal choice for trend followers seeking a clearer view of market momentum, enabling them to capitalize on prolonged price movements.

2.2 Mean Reversion Strategy

Mean reversion is a counter-trend strategy that assumes prices will revert to their average or mean over time. Traders using this approach aim to profit from price reversals when an asset's price deviates significantly from its historical average. Mean reversion indicators are ideal for identifying overbought and oversold conditions and anticipating potential reversals.

Example of Mean Reversion Indicator: Bollinger Bands Percentile (BBPct)


(The BBPct indicator marks out price extremes which may lead to potential reversals)

The BBPct (Bollinger Bands Percent) is an indicator designed for mean reversion trading strategies. It utilizes Bollinger Bands to determine overbought and oversold conditions in the market. The indicator calculates the percentage of the current price's position within the Bollinger Bands' upper and lower boundaries. When the price is near the upper band, it suggests an overbought condition, indicating a potential mean reversion towards the lower band. Conversely, when the price is close to the lower band, it indicates an oversold condition, suggesting a possible mean reversion towards the upper band. Traders can use this information to identify potential reversal points and make informed decisions to capture price movements back towards the mean.

Part 3: Trend Following vs. Mean Reversion

3.1 Key Differences

Direction: Trend following aims to identify and ride established trends, while mean reversion seeks to capitalize on price reversals.

Risk Profile: Trend following strategies typically involve higher risk, as traders enter positions in the direction of the trend, which may be challenging to time accurately. Mean reversion strategies are often considered less risky as traders expect price reversals to occur relatively soon after significant deviations from the mean.

Market Conditions: Trend following tends to perform well in trending markets, while mean reversion thrives in ranging or sideways markets.

3.2 Combining Trend Following and Mean Reversion

While trend following and mean reversion strategies have distinct approaches, they can complement each other when used in confluence. Combining both strategies can provide a more comprehensive view of the market and reduce reliance on a single indicator. For example:

Confirming Trend Reversals: Mean reversion indicators can be used to confirm potential trend reversals identified by trend-following indicators, increasing the probability of successful entries and exits.

Managing Risk: Trend following indicators can help traders stay in trends longer and avoid premature exits when using mean reversion strategies.

Identifying Range-Bound Markets: Mean reversion strategies can be employed during periods of low volatility or when the market lacks a clear trend, while trend following indicators can be set aside until a new trend emerges.

Part 4: Binary and Discrete Indicators

4.1 Binary Indicators


(The Super Schaff gives out binary signals when it detects a potential change in trend)

Binary indicators provide straightforward, yes-or-no signals, indicating the presence or absence of a particular condition. Examples include Moving Average Crossovers and Super Schaff, which produce buy (long) or sell (short) signals when specific conditions are met.

4.2 Discrete Indicators


(The Volume-Trend Sentiment displays the overall implied sentiment based on volume and price action)

Discrete indicators generate signals based on a range of values or levels. These indicators offer more nuanced insights into market conditions, allowing traders to interpret the strength or weakness of signals. Examples include RSI and VTS.

Part 5: The Importance of Using Both

5.1 Diverse Perspectives

Combining binary and discrete indicators provides traders with diverse perspectives on market conditions. Binary indicators offer clear entry and exit signals, while discrete indicators offer a finer understanding of price trends and potential turning points.

5.2 Enhanced Decision-Making

Using both types of indicators helps traders make more informed and confident decisions. By cross-referencing binary and discrete signals, traders can filter out false signals and identify high-probability trading opportunities.

Conclusion:

Trading indicators play a vital role in modern financial markets, providing traders and investors with valuable insights into price trends, momentum, and market conditions. Trend following and mean reversion strategies offer distinct approaches to trading, each with its unique advantages and risk profiles. However, combining these strategies and utilizing both binary and discrete indicators can provide a comprehensive and powerful toolkit for traders seeking consistent success in the dynamic world of finance.

Check out the indicators mentioned in this post: