Naive Bayes Candlestick Pattern Classifier v1.1 BETAAn intermezzo on why i made this script publication..
A : Candlestick Pattern took hours to backtest, why not using Machine Learning techniques?
B : Machine Learning, no that's gonna be really heavy bro!
A : Not really, because we use Naive Bayes.
B : The simplest, yet powerful machine learning algorithm to separate (a.k.a classify) multivariate data.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hello, everyone!
After deep research in extracting meaningful information from the market, I ended up building this powerful machine learning indicator based on the evolution of Bayesian Statistics. This indicator not only leverages the simplicity of Naive Bayes but also extends its application to candlestick pattern analysis, making it an invaluable tool for traders who are looking to enhance their technical analysis without spending countless hours manually backtesting each pattern on each market!.
What most interesting part is actually after learning all of likely useless methods like fibonacci, supply and demand, volume profile, etc. We always ended up back to basic like support and resistance and candlestick patterns, but with a slight twist on strategy algorithm design and statistical approach. Thus, the only reason why i made this, because i exactly know that you guys will ended up in this position as time goes by.
The essence of this indicator lies in its ability to automate the recognition and statistical evaluation of various candlestick patterns. Traditionally, traders have relied on visual inspection and manual backtesting to determine the effectiveness of patterns like Bullish Engulfing, Bearish Engulfing, Harami variations, Hammer formations, and even more complex multi-candle patterns such as Three White Soldiers, Three Black Crows, Dark Cloud Cover, and Piercing Pattern. However, these conventional methods are both time-consuming and prone to subjective bias.
To address these challenges, I employed Naive Bayes—a probabilistic classifier that, despite its simplicity, offers robust performance in various domains. Naive Bayes assumes that each feature is independent of the others given the class label, which, although a strong assumption, works remarkably well in practice, especially when the dataset is large like market data and the feature space is high-dimensional. In our case, each candlestick pattern acts as a feature that can be statistically evaluated based on its historical performance. The indicator calculates a probability that a given pattern will lead to a price reversal, by comparing the pattern’s close price to the highest or lowest price achieved in a lookahead window.
One of the standout features of this script is its flexibility. Each candlestick pattern is not only coded into the system but also comes with individual toggles to enable or disable them based on your trading strategy. This means you can choose to focus on single-candle patterns like Bullish Engulfing or more complex multi-candle formations such as Three White Soldiers, without modifying the core code. The built-in customization options allow you to adjust colors and labels for each pattern, giving you the freedom to tailor the visual output to your preference. This level of customization ensures that the indicator integrates seamlessly into your existing TradingView setup.
Moreover, the indicator isn’t just about pattern recognition—it also incorporates outcome-based learning. Every time a pattern is detected, it looks ahead a predefined number of bars to evaluate if the expected reversal actually materialized. This outcome is then stored in arrays, and over time, the script dynamically calculates the probability of success for each pattern. These probabilities are presented in a real-time updating table on your chart, which shows not only the percentage probability but also the count of historical occurrences. With this information at your fingertips, you can quickly gauge the reliability of each pattern in your chosen market and timeframe.
Another significant advantage of this approach is its speed and efficiency. While more complex machine learning models like neural networks might require heavy computational resources and longer training times, the Naive Bayes classifier in this script is lightweight, instantaneous and can be updated on the fly with each new bar. This real-time capability is essential for modern traders who need to make quick decisions in fast-paced markets.
Furthermore, by automating the process of backtesting, the indicator frees up your time to focus on other aspects of trading strategy development. Instead of manually analyzing hundreds or even thousands of candles, you can rely on the statistical power of Naive Bayes to provide you with insights on which patterns are most likely to result in profitable moves. This not only enhances your efficiency but also helps to eliminate the cognitive biases that often plague manual analysis.
In summary, this indicator represents a fusion of traditional candlestick analysis with modern machine learning techniques. It harnesses the simplicity and effectiveness of Naive Bayes to deliver a dynamic, real-time evaluation of various candlestick patterns. Whether you are a seasoned trader looking to refine your technical analysis or a beginner eager to understand market dynamics, this tool offers a powerful, customizable, and efficient solution. Welcome to a new era where advanced statistical methods meet practical trading insights—happy trading and may your patterns always be in your favor!
Note : On this current released beta version, you must manually adjust reversal percentage move based on each market. Further updates may include automated best range detection and probability.
Bayesian
smolka Bayesian Volatile ChannelDescription in English and Russian.
Bayesian Volatile Channel
The script is a loose interpretation of Bayes' theorem, which allows calculating the probability of events given that another event related to it has occurred, the script analyzes volatility and detects anomalies in price charts using a Bayesian approach, updating the model parameters to accurately estimate market fluctuations and detect changes in trends.
How does it work?
1. The script sets the initial parameters (mean price and standard deviation), creating a "hypothesis" about the market behavior.
2. When a new price appears, the script calculates the probability of its compliance with previous expectations. If the new price differs from the forecast, the model parameters (mean and standard deviation) are updated.
3. After updating the model, the probability that the current price and volatility correspond to a normal distribution is calculated.
4. Based on the updated model, volatility channels are built (mean price ± two standard deviations). If the price goes beyond these limits, this signals a possible anomaly indicating changes in the market.
5. The moving averages in the script act as data smoothing and trend analysis, helping to identify the market direction and minimize the impact of random fluctuations. The script uses moving averages to identify uptrends and downtrends, and calculates the average between them to display the overall market balance. These moving averages make market analysis clearer and more resistant to short-term fluctuations.
******************************************************************
Описание на английском и русском языках.
Байесовский волатильный канал
Скрипт является вольной интерпретацией теоремы Байеса, которая позволяет расчитать вероятность событий при условии, что произошло связанное с ним другое событие, скрипт анализирует волатильность и обнаруживает аномалии в графиках цен, используя байесовский подход, обновляя параметры модели для точной оценки рыночных колебаний и обнаружения изменений в тенденциях.
Как это работает?
1. Скрипт устанавливает начальные параметры (среднюю цену и стандартное отклонение), создавая "гипотезу" о поведении рынка.
2. При появлении новой цены скрипт вычисляет вероятность её соответствия предыдущим ожиданиям. Если новая цена отличается от прогноза, параметры модели (среднее и стандартное отклонение) обновляются.
3. После обновления модели рассчитывается вероятность того, что текущая цена и волатильность соответствуют нормальному распределению.
4. На основе обновлённой модели строятся каналы волатильности (средняя цена ± два стандартных отклонения). Если цена выходит за эти пределы, это сигнализирует о возможной аномалии, указывающей на изменения на рынке.
5. Средние скользящие в скрипте выполняют роль сглаживания данных и анализа трендов, помогая выявить направление рынка и минимизировать влияние случайных колебаний. Скрипт использует скользящие средние для определения восходящего и нисходящего трендов, а также рассчитывает среднее значение между ними для отображения общего баланса рынка. Эти скользящие средние делают анализ рынка более чётким и устойчивым к краткосрочным флуктуациям.
Bayesian Trend Indicator [ChartPrime]Bayesian Trend Indicator
Overview:
In probability theory and statistics, Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes, describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event.
The "Bayesian Trend Indicator" is a sophisticated technical analysis tool designed to assess the direction of price trends in financial markets. It combines the principles of Bayesian probability theory with moving average analysis to provide traders with a comprehensive understanding of market sentiment and potential trend reversals.
At its core, the indicator utilizes multiple moving averages, including the Exponential Moving Average (EMA), Simple Moving Average (SMA), Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), and Volume Weighted Moving Average (VWMA) . These moving averages are calculated based on user-defined parameters such as length and gap length, allowing traders to customize the indicator to suit their trading strategies and preferences.
The indicator begins by calculating the trend for both fast and slow moving averages using a Smoothed Gradient Signal Function. This function assigns a numerical value to each data point based on its relationship with historical data, indicating the strength and direction of the trend.
// Smoothed Gradient Signal Function
sig(float src, gap)=>
ta.ema(source >= src ? 1 :
source >= src ? 0.9 :
source >= src ? 0.8 :
source >= src ? 0.7 :
source >= src ? 0.6 :
source >= src ? 0.5 :
source >= src ? 0.4 :
source >= src ? 0.3 :
source >= src ? 0.2 :
source >= src ? 0.1 :
0, 4)
Next, the indicator calculates prior probabilities using the trend information from the slow moving averages and likelihood probabilities using the trend information from the fast moving averages . These probabilities represent the likelihood of an uptrend or downtrend based on historical data.
// Define prior probabilities using moving averages
prior_up = (ema_trend + sma_trend + dema_trend + vwma_trend) / 4
prior_down = 1 - prior_up
// Define likelihoods using faster moving averages
likelihood_up = (ema_trend_fast + sma_trend_fast + dema_trend_fast + vwma_trend_fast) / 4
likelihood_down = 1 - likelihood_up
Using Bayes' theorem , the indicator then combines the prior and likelihood probabilities to calculate posterior probabilities, which reflect the updated probability of an uptrend or downtrend given the current market conditions. These posterior probabilities serve as a key signal for traders, informing them about the prevailing market sentiment and potential trend reversals.
// Calculate posterior probabilities using Bayes' theorem
posterior_up = prior_up * likelihood_up
/
(prior_up * likelihood_up + prior_down * likelihood_down)
Key Features:
◆ The trend direction:
To visually represent the trend direction , the indicator colors the bars on the chart based on the posterior probabilities. Bars are colored green to indicate an uptrend when the posterior probability is greater than 0.5 (>50%), while bars are colored red to indicate a downtrend when the posterior probability is less than 0.5 (<50%).
◆ Dashboard on the chart
Additionally, the indicator displays a dashboard on the chart , providing traders with detailed information about the probability of an uptrend , as well as the trends for each type of moving average. This dashboard serves as a valuable reference for traders to monitor trend strength and make informed trading decisions.
◆ Probability labels and signals:
Furthermore, the indicator includes probability labels and signals , which are displayed near the corresponding bars on the chart. These labels indicate the posterior probability of a trend, while small diamonds above or below bars indicate crossover or crossunder events when the posterior probability crosses the 0.5 threshold (50%).
The posterior probability of a trend
Crossover or Crossunder events
◆ User Inputs
Source:
Description: Defines the price source for the indicator's calculations. Users can select between different price values like close, open, high, low, etc.
MA's Length:
Description: Sets the length for the moving averages used in the trend calculations. A larger length will smooth out the moving averages, making the indicator less sensitive to short-term fluctuations.
Gap Length Between Fast and Slow MA's:
Description: Determines the difference in lengths between the slow and fast moving averages. A higher gap length will increase the difference, potentially identifying stronger trend signals.
Gap Signals:
Description: Defines the gap used for the smoothed gradient signal function. This parameter affects the sensitivity of the trend signals by setting the number of bars used in the signal calculations.
In summary, the "Bayesian Trend Indicator" is a powerful tool that leverages Bayesian probability theory and moving average analysis to help traders identify trend direction, assess market sentiment, and make informed trading decisions in various financial markets.
Bayesian BBSMA + nQQE Oscillator + Bank funds (whales detector)Three trend indicators in one. Fork of Gunslinger2005 indicator, with a fix to display the nQQE oscillator correctly and clearly, and converted to pinescript v5 (allowing to set a different timeframe and gaps).
How to use: Essentially, nQQE is a long term trend indicator which is more adequate in daily or weekly timeframe to indicate the current market cycle. Banker Fund seems better suited to indicate current local trend, although it is sensitive to relief rallies. Bayesian BBSMA is an awesome tool to visualize the buildup in bullish/bearish sentiment, and when it is more likely to get released, however it is unreliable, so it needs to be combined with other indicators.
Please show the original indicators some love:
Bayesian BBSMA:
nQQE:
L3 Banker Fund Flow Trend:
Originally mixed together by Gunslinger2005:
The Bayesian Q OscillatorFirst of all the biggest thanks to @tista and @KivancOzbilgic for publishing their open source public indicators Bayesian BBSMA + nQQE Oscillator. And a mighty round of applause for @MarkBench for once again being my superhero pinescript guy that puts these awesome combination Ideas and ES stradegies in my head together. Now let me go ahead and explain what we have here.
I am gonna call it the Bayesian Q Oscillator I suppose. The goal of the script is to solve an issue both indicators on their own suffer from. QQE signals are not new and often the problem has always been false signals for them. They are good for scalping but the difference between a quality move and a small to nearly nonexistent move following a signal is not so clear. Kivanc made his normalized version to help reduce this problem by adding colors to his histogram type verision that would essentially represent if price was a trending move or in a ranging structure. As you can see I have kept this Idea but instead opted for lines as the oscillator. two yellow line (default color) is a ranging sideways area and when there is red or green it is trending up or down. I wanted to take this to the next level with combining the Bayesian probability oscillator that tista put together.
The Bayesian indicator is the opposite for its issue as it is a probability indicator that shows which candle or price movement is more likely to come next. Red rising means possibly down move soon and green means up soon. I will not go into the complex details of this indicator but will suggest others take a look at his and others to understand the idea behind them. The point I am driving at is that it show probabilities or likelyhood without the most effecient signal device to match it. This original was line form and now it is background filled colors.
The idea. is that you can potentially get some stronger and more accurate reversal signals with these two paired together. when you see a sell signal or cross with the towering or rising red... maybe it is a good jump potentially. The same for green. At the same time it is a double added filter effect from just having yellow represent it is ranging... but now if you get a buy signal (example) and have yellow lines (example) along wi5h a red rising or mountain color background... it not only is an indication of ranging, but also that there is potentially even a counter move coming based on the probabilities. Also if you get into a good trade and see dual yellow qqe crosses with no color represented by the bayesian background... it is possible it might only be noise.
I have found them to work decently in the 1 hour timframe. Let me know your experience.
I hope everyone takes a look at the originals to understand them. Full credit goes to those guys for this to be here. Let me know how it is working out for you.
Here are the original links.
bayesian
Normalized QQE
Bayesian BBSMA OscillatorSometime ago (very long ago), one of my tinkering project was to do a spam or ham classification type app to filter news I'd wanna read. So I built myself a Naive Bayes Classifier to feed me my relevant articles. It worked great, I can cut through the noise.
The hassle was I needed to manually train it to understand what I wanna read. I trained it using 50 articles and to my surprise, it's enough.
Complexity Theory
I've been reading a book called The Road to Ruin by Jim Rickards. He described how he got to his conclusion of how the stock market works by using Complexity Theory. Bill Williams would agree. Jim tells us that by using just enough data, we calculate the probability of an event to occur. We can't say for sure when but we know it's coming. This was my light bulb moment.
While Jim talks much about Bayesian Inference in which a probability of an event can always be updated as more evidence comes to light, I had my eyes set on binary probabilities of when prices are going up and down.
Assumptions
These are my assumptions:
Prices breaking up a Bollinger basis line will have fuel to go up even higher
Prices will go down when prices have broken up a Bollinger upper band
Scalping is the main method so we should use a lower period Moving Average (MA)
When prices are above MA, it's likelier a correction to the downside is imminent
When prices are below MA, it's likelier a correction to the upside is imminent
Optimize parameters for 1 hour timeframe which will give us time to react while still having more opportunities to trade
Building Blocks
Jim Rickards started with limited data (events) while in technical trading, data are plentiful. I decided to classify 2 events which are:
Next candles would be breaking up
Next candles would be breaking down
Key facts:
We won't know for sure when prices are going to break
We won't know for sure how much the prices movements are going to be
Formulas
Breaking up:
Pr(Up|Indicator) = Pr(Indicator|Up) * Pr(Up) / Pr(Indicator|Up) * Pr(Up) + Pr(Indicator|Down) * Pr(Down)
Breaking down:
Pr(Down|Indicator) = Pr(Indicator|Down) * Pr(Down) / Pr(Indicator|Down) * Pr(Down) + Pr(Indicator|Up) * Pr(Up)
Reading The Oscillator
Green is the probability of prices breaking up
Red is the probability of prices breaking down
When either green or red is flatlining ceiling, immediately on the next candle when the probability decreases go short or long based on which direction you're observing - Strong Signal
When either green or red is flatlining ceiling, take no action while it's ceiled
Usually when either green or red is flatlining bottom, the next candle when the probability increases, immediately take a short long position based on the direction you're observing - Weak Signal
When either green or red is flatlining bottom, take no action while it's bottomed
Alerts
Use Once per Bar option when generating alerts.
