Smoother Moving Average w/ DSL [Loxx]Smoother Moving Average w/ DSL is a Smoother Filter indicator with Discontinued Signal Lines to drastically reduce noise and improve signal quality.
What is the Smoother Filter?
The Smoother filter is a faster-reacting smoothing technique which generates considerably less lag than the SMMA ( Smoothed Moving Average ). It gives earlier signals but can also create false signals due to its earlier reactions. This filter is sometimes wrongly mistaken for the superior Jurik Smoothing algorithm.
What are DSL Discontinued Signal Line?
A lot of indicators are using signal lines in order to determine the trend (or some desired state of the indicator) easier. The idea of the signal line is easy : comparing the value to it's smoothed (slightly lagging) state, the idea of current momentum/state is made.
Discontinued signal line is inheriting that simple signal line idea and it is extending it : instead of having one signal line, more lines depending on the current value of the indicator.
"Signal" line is calculated the following way :
When a certain level is crossed into the desired direction, the EMA of that value is calculated for the desired signal line
When that level is crossed into the opposite direction, the previous "signal" line value is simply "inherited" and it becomes a kind of a level
This way it becomes a combination of signal lines and levels that are trying to combine both the good from both methods.
In simple terms, DSL uses the concept of a signal line and betters it by inheriting the previous signal line's value & makes it a level.
Included
2 Signal types
Alerts
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Bar coloring
Recherche dans les scripts pour "algo"
Weighted percentile nearest rankYo, posting it for the whole internet, took the whole day to find / to design the actual working solution for weighted percentile 'nearest rank' algorithm, almost no reliable info online and a lot of library-style/textbook-style solutions that don't provide on real world production level.
The principle:
0) initial data
data = 22, 33, 11, 44, 55
weights = 5 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 4
array(s) size = 5
1) sort data array, apply the sorting pattern to the weights array, resulting:
data = 11, 22, 33, 44, 55
weights = 2 , 5 , 3 , 1 , 4
2) get weights cumsum and sum:
weights = 2, 5, 3 , 1 , 4
weights_cum = 2, 7, 10, 11, 15
weights_sum = 15
3) say we wanna find 50th percentile, get a threshold value:
n = 50
thres = weights_sum / 100 * n
7.5 = 15 / 100 * 50
4) iterate through weights_cum until you find a value that >= the threshold:
for i = 0 to size - 1
2 >= 7.5 ? nah
7 >= 7.5 ? nah
10 >= 7.5 ? aye
5) take the iteration index that resulted "aye", and find the data value with the same index, that's gonna be the resulting percentile.
i = 2
data = 33
This one is not an approximation, not an estimator, it's the actual weighted percentile nearest rank as it is.
I tested the thing extensively and it works perfectly.
For the skeptics, check lines 40, 41, 69 in the code, you can comment/uncomment dem to switch for unit (1) weights, resulting in the usual non-weighted percentile nearest rank that ideally matches the TV's built-in function.
Shoutout for @wallneradam for the sorting function mane
...
Live Long and Prosper
T3 Volatility Quality Index (VQI) w/ DSL & Pips Filtering [Loxx]T3 Volatility Quality Index (VQI) w/ DSL & Pips Filtering is a VQI indicator that uses T3 smoothing and discontinued signal lines to determine breakouts and breakdowns. This also allows filtering by pips.***
What is the Volatility Quality Index ( VQI )?
The idea behind the volatility quality index is to point out the difference between bad and good volatility in order to identify better trade opportunities in the market. This forex indicator works using the True Range algorithm in combination with the open, close, high and low prices.
What are DSL Discontinued Signal Line?
A lot of indicators are using signal lines in order to determine the trend (or some desired state of the indicator) easier. The idea of the signal line is easy : comparing the value to it's smoothed (slightly lagging) state, the idea of current momentum/state is made.
Discontinued signal line is inheriting that simple signal line idea and it is extending it : instead of having one signal line, more lines depending on the current value of the indicator.
"Signal" line is calculated the following way :
When a certain level is crossed into the desired direction, the EMA of that value is calculated for the desired signal line
When that level is crossed into the opposite direction, the previous "signal" line value is simply "inherited" and it becomes a kind of a level
This way it becomes a combination of signal lines and levels that are trying to combine both the good from both methods.
In simple terms, DSL uses the concept of a signal line and betters it by inheriting the previous signal line's value & makes it a level.
What is the T3 moving average?
Better Moving Averages Tim Tillson
November 1, 1998
Tim Tillson is a software project manager at Hewlett-Packard, with degrees in Mathematics and Computer Science. He has privately traded options and equities for 15 years.
Introduction
"Digital filtering includes the process of smoothing, predicting, differentiating, integrating, separation of signals, and removal of noise from a signal. Thus many people who do such things are actually using digital filters without realizing that they are; being unacquainted with the theory, they neither understand what they have done nor the possibilities of what they might have done."
This quote from R. W. Hamming applies to the vast majority of indicators in technical analysis . Moving averages, be they simple, weighted, or exponential, are lowpass filters; low frequency components in the signal pass through with little attenuation, while high frequencies are severely reduced.
"Oscillator" type indicators (such as MACD , Momentum, Relative Strength Index ) are another type of digital filter called a differentiator.
Tushar Chande has observed that many popular oscillators are highly correlated, which is sensible because they are trying to measure the rate of change of the underlying time series, i.e., are trying to be the first and second derivatives we all learned about in Calculus.
We use moving averages (lowpass filters) in technical analysis to remove the random noise from a time series, to discern the underlying trend or to determine prices at which we will take action. A perfect moving average would have two attributes:
It would be smooth, not sensitive to random noise in the underlying time series. Another way of saying this is that its derivative would not spuriously alternate between positive and negative values.
It would not lag behind the time series it is computed from. Lag, of course, produces late buy or sell signals that kill profits.
The only way one can compute a perfect moving average is to have knowledge of the future, and if we had that, we would buy one lottery ticket a week rather than trade!
Having said this, we can still improve on the conventional simple, weighted, or exponential moving averages. Here's how:
Two Interesting Moving Averages
We will examine two benchmark moving averages based on Linear Regression analysis.
In both cases, a Linear Regression line of length n is fitted to price data.
I call the first moving average ILRS, which stands for Integral of Linear Regression Slope. One simply integrates the slope of a linear regression line as it is successively fitted in a moving window of length n across the data, with the constant of integration being a simple moving average of the first n points. Put another way, the derivative of ILRS is the linear regression slope. Note that ILRS is not the same as a SMA ( simple moving average ) of length n, which is actually the midpoint of the linear regression line as it moves across the data.
We can measure the lag of moving averages with respect to a linear trend by computing how they behave when the input is a line with unit slope. Both SMA (n) and ILRS(n) have lag of n/2, but ILRS is much smoother than SMA .
Our second benchmark moving average is well known, called EPMA or End Point Moving Average. It is the endpoint of the linear regression line of length n as it is fitted across the data. EPMA hugs the data more closely than a simple or exponential moving average of the same length. The price we pay for this is that it is much noisier (less smooth) than ILRS, and it also has the annoying property that it overshoots the data when linear trends are present.
However, EPMA has a lag of 0 with respect to linear input! This makes sense because a linear regression line will fit linear input perfectly, and the endpoint of the LR line will be on the input line.
These two moving averages frame the tradeoffs that we are facing. On one extreme we have ILRS, which is very smooth and has considerable phase lag. EPMA has 0 phase lag, but is too noisy and overshoots. We would like to construct a better moving average which is as smooth as ILRS, but runs closer to where EPMA lies, without the overshoot.
A easy way to attempt this is to split the difference, i.e. use (ILRS(n)+EPMA(n))/2. This will give us a moving average (call it IE /2) which runs in between the two, has phase lag of n/4 but still inherits considerable noise from EPMA. IE /2 is inspirational, however. Can we build something that is comparable, but smoother? Figure 1 shows ILRS, EPMA, and IE /2.
Filter Techniques
Any thoughtful student of filter theory (or resolute experimenter) will have noticed that you can improve the smoothness of a filter by running it through itself multiple times, at the cost of increasing phase lag.
There is a complementary technique (called twicing by J.W. Tukey) which can be used to improve phase lag. If L stands for the operation of running data through a low pass filter, then twicing can be described by:
L' = L(time series) + L(time series - L(time series))
That is, we add a moving average of the difference between the input and the moving average to the moving average. This is algebraically equivalent to:
2L-L(L)
This is the Double Exponential Moving Average or DEMA , popularized by Patrick Mulloy in TASAC (January/February 1994).
In our taxonomy, DEMA has some phase lag (although it exponentially approaches 0) and is somewhat noisy, comparable to IE /2 indicator.
We will use these two techniques to construct our better moving average, after we explore the first one a little more closely.
Fixing Overshoot
An n-day EMA has smoothing constant alpha=2/(n+1) and a lag of (n-1)/2.
Thus EMA (3) has lag 1, and EMA (11) has lag 5. Figure 2 shows that, if I am willing to incur 5 days of lag, I get a smoother moving average if I run EMA (3) through itself 5 times than if I just take EMA (11) once.
This suggests that if EPMA and DEMA have 0 or low lag, why not run fast versions (eg DEMA (3)) through themselves many times to achieve a smooth result? The problem is that multiple runs though these filters increase their tendency to overshoot the data, giving an unusable result. This is because the amplitude response of DEMA and EPMA is greater than 1 at certain frequencies, giving a gain of much greater than 1 at these frequencies when run though themselves multiple times. Figure 3 shows DEMA (7) and EPMA(7) run through themselves 3 times. DEMA^3 has serious overshoot, and EPMA^3 is terrible.
The solution to the overshoot problem is to recall what we are doing with twicing:
DEMA (n) = EMA (n) + EMA (time series - EMA (n))
The second term is adding, in effect, a smooth version of the derivative to the EMA to achieve DEMA . The derivative term determines how hot the moving average's response to linear trends will be. We need to simply turn down the volume to achieve our basic building block:
EMA (n) + EMA (time series - EMA (n))*.7;
This is algebraically the same as:
EMA (n)*1.7-EMA( EMA (n))*.7;
I have chosen .7 as my volume factor, but the general formula (which I call "Generalized Dema") is:
GD (n,v) = EMA (n)*(1+v)-EMA( EMA (n))*v,
Where v ranges between 0 and 1. When v=0, GD is just an EMA , and when v=1, GD is DEMA . In between, GD is a cooler DEMA . By using a value for v less than 1 (I like .7), we cure the multiple DEMA overshoot problem, at the cost of accepting some additional phase delay. Now we can run GD through itself multiple times to define a new, smoother moving average T3 that does not overshoot the data:
T3(n) = GD ( GD ( GD (n)))
In filter theory parlance, T3 is a six-pole non-linear Kalman filter. Kalman filters are ones which use the error (in this case (time series - EMA (n)) to correct themselves. In Technical Analysis , these are called Adaptive Moving Averages; they track the time series more aggressively when it is making large moves.
Included
Signals
Alerts
Related indicators
Zero-line Volatility Quality Index (VQI)
Volatility Quality Index w/ Pips Filtering
Variety Moving Average Waddah Attar Explosion (WAE)
***This indicator is tuned to Forex. If you want to make it useful for other tickers, you must change the pip filtering value to match the asset. This means that for BTC, for example, you likely need to use a value of 10,000 or more for pips filter.
Andean ScalpingAndean Scalping Implementation - BETA
- Uses Andean Oscillator: alpaca.markets
- Implements a threshold moving average (SMA 1000) on the Andean Signal line at 1.1 factor to filter out small moves
- TP/SL using ATR bands at 3x multiplier
Polynomial Regression Bands w/ Extrapolation of Price [Loxx]Polynomial Regression Bands w/ Extrapolation of Price is a moving average built on Polynomial Regression. This indicator paints both a non-repainting moving average and also a projection forecast based on the Polynomial Regression. I've included 33 source types and 38 moving average types to smooth the price input before it's run through the Polynomial Regression algorithm. This indicator only paints X many bars back so as to increase on screen calculation speed. Make sure to read the tooltips to answer any questions you have.
What is Polynomial Regression?
In statistics, polynomial regression is a form of regression analysis in which the relationship between the independent variable x and the dependent variable y is modeled as an nth degree polynomial in x. Polynomial regression fits a nonlinear relationship between the value of x and the corresponding conditional mean of y, denoted E(y |x). Although polynomial regression fits a nonlinear model to the data, as a statistical estimation problem it is linear, in the sense that the regression function E(y | x) is linear in the unknown parameters that are estimated from the data. For this reason, polynomial regression is considered to be a special case of multiple linear regression .
Related indicators
Polynomial-Regression-Fitted Oscillator
Polynomial-Regression-Fitted RSI
PA-Adaptive Polynomial Regression Fitted Moving Average
Poly Cycle
Fourier Extrapolator of Price w/ Projection Forecast
Value At Risk Channel [AstrideUnicorn]The Value at Risk Channel (VaR Channel) is a trading indicator designed to help traders control the level of risk exposure in their positions. The user can select a time period and a probability value, and the indicator will plot the upper and lower limits that the price can reach during the selected time period with the given probability.
CONCEPTS
The indicator is based on the Value at Risk (VaR) calculation. VaR is an important metric in risk management that quantifies the degree of potential financial loss within a position, portfolio or company over a specific period of time. It is widely used by financial institutions like banks and investment companies to forecast the extent and likelihood of potential losses in their portfolios.
We use the so-called “historical method” to compute VaR. The algorithm looks at the history of past returns and creates a histogram that represents the statistical distribution of past returns. Assuming that the returns follow a normal distribution, one can assign a probability to each value of return. The probability of a specific return value is determined by the distribution percentile to which it belongs.
HOW TO USE
Let’s assume you want to plot the upper and lower limits that price will reach within 4 hours with 5% probability. To do this, go to the indicator Settings tab and set the Timeframe parameter to "4 hours'' and the Probability parameter to 5.0.
You can use the indicator to set your Stop-Loss at the price level where it will trigger with low probability. And what's more, you can measure and control the probability of triggering.
You can also see how likely it is that the price will reach your Take-Profit within a specific period of time. For example, you expect your target level to be reached within a week. To determine this probability, set the Timeframe parameter to "1 week" and adjust the Probability parameter so that the upper or lower limit of your VaR channel is close to your Take-Profit level. The resulting Probability parameter value will show the probability of reaching your target in the expected time.
The indicator can be a useful tool for measuring and managing risk, as well as for developing and fine-tuning trading strategies. If you find other uses for the indicator, feel free to share them in the comments!
SETTINGS
Timeframe - sets the time period, during which the price can reach the upper or lower bound of the VaR channel with the probability, set by the Probability parameter.
Probability - specifies the probability with which the price can reach the upper or lower bound of the VaR channel during the time period specified by the Timeframe parameter.
Window - specifies the length of history (number of historical bars) used for VaR calculation.
Polynomial-Regression-Fitted Oscillator [Loxx]Polynomial-Regression-Fitted Oscillator is an oscillator that is calculated using Polynomial Regression Analysis. This is an extremely accurate and processor intensive oscillator.
What is Polynomial Regression?
In statistics, polynomial regression is a form of regression analysis in which the relationship between the independent variable x and the dependent variable y is modeled as an nth degree polynomial in x. Polynomial regression fits a nonlinear relationship between the value of x and the corresponding conditional mean of y, denoted E(y |x). Although polynomial regression fits a nonlinear model to the data, as a statistical estimation problem it is linear, in the sense that the regression function E(y | x) is linear in the unknown parameters that are estimated from the data. For this reason, polynomial regression is considered to be a special case of multiple linear regression .
Things to know
You can select from 33 source types
The source is smoothed before being injected into the Polynomial fitting algorithm, there are 35+ moving averages to choose from for smoothing
This indicator is very processor heavy. so it will take some time load on the chart. Ideally the period input should allow for values from 1 to 200 or more, but due to processing restraints on Trading View, the max value is 80.
Included
Alerts
Signals
Bar coloring
Other indicators in this series using Polynomial Regression Analysis.
Poly Cycle
PA-Adaptive Polynomial Regression Fitted Moving Average
Digital Kahler MACD [Loxx]Digital Kahler MACD is a MACD indicator that uses an extreme noise reduction algorithm by Philipp Kahler. For our purposes here, we call it Digital Kahler.
What is Digital Kahler?
From Philipp Kahler's article for www.traders-mag.com, August 2008. "A Classic Indicator in a New Suit: Digital Stochastic"
Digital Indicators
Whenever you study the development of trading systems in particular, you will be struck in an extremely unpleasant way by the seemingly unmotivated indentations and changes in direction of each indicator. An experienced trader can recognise many false signals of the indicator on the basis of his solid background; a stupid trading system usually falls into any trap offered by the unclear indicator course. This is what motivated me to improve even further this and other indicators with the help of a relatively simple procedure. The goal of this development is to be able to use this indicator in a trading system with as few additional conditions as possible. Discretionary traders will likewise be happy about this clear course, which is not nerve-racking and makes concentrating on the essential elements of trading possible.
How Is It Done?
The digital stochastic is a child of the original indicator. We owe a debt of gratitude to George Lane for his idea to design an indicator which describes the position of the current price within the high-low range of the historical price movement. My contribution to this indicator is the changed pattern which improves the quality of the signal without generating too long delays in giving signals. The trick used to generate this “digital” behavior of the indicator. It can be used with most oscillators like RSI or CCI.
First of all, the original is looked at. The indicator always moves between 0 and 100. The precise position of the indicator or its course relative to the trigger line are of no interest to me, I would just like to know whether the indicator is quoted below or above the value 50. This is tantamount to the question of whether the market is just trading above or below the middle of the high-low range of the past few days. If the market trades in the upper half of its high-low range, then the digital stochastic is given the value 1; if the original stochastic is below 50, then the value –1 is given. This leads to a sequence of 1/-1 values – the digital core of the new indicator. These values are subsequently smoothed by means of a short exponential moving average. This way minor false signals are eliminated and the indicator is given its typical form.
Included:
Bar coloring
Signals
Alerts
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Loxx's Moving Averages
CDC ActionZone BF for ETHUSD-1D © PRoSkYNeT-EE
Based on improvements from "Kitti-Playbook Action Zone V.4.2.0.3 for Stock Market"
Based on improvements from "CDC Action Zone V3 2020 by piriya33"
Based on Triple MACD crossover between 9/15, 21/28, 15/28 for filter error signal (noise) from CDC ActionZone V3
MACDs generated from the execution of millions of times in the "Brute Force Algorithm" to backtest data from the past 5 years. ( 2017-08-21 to 2022-08-01 )
Released 2022-08-01
***** The indicator is used in the ETHUSD 1 Day period ONLY *****
Recommended Stop Loss : -4 % (execute stop Loss after candlestick has been closed)
Backtest Result ( Start $100 )
Winrate 63 % (Win:12, Loss:7, Total:19)
Live Days 1,806 days
B : Buy
S : Sell
SL : Stop Loss
2022-07-19 07 - 1,542 : B 6.971 ETH
2022-04-13 07 - 3,118 : S 8.98 % $10,750 12,7,19 63 %
2022-03-20 07 - 2,861 : B 3.448 ETH
2021-12-03 07 - 4,216 : SL -8.94 % $9,864 11,7,18 61 %
2021-11-30 07 - 4,630 : B 2.340 ETH
2021-11-18 07 - 3,997 : S 13.71 % $10,832 11,6,17 65 %
2021-10-05 07 - 3,515 : B 2.710 ETH
2021-09-20 07 - 2,977 : S 29.38 % $9,526 10,6,16 63 %
2021-07-28 07 - 2,301 : B 3.200 ETH
2021-05-20 07 - 2,769 : S 50.49 % $7,363 9,6,15 60 %
2021-03-30 07 - 1,840 : B 2.659 ETH
2021-03-22 07 - 1,681 : SL -8.29 % $4,893 8,6,14 57 %
2021-03-08 07 - 1,833 : B 2.911 ETH
2021-02-26 07 - 1,445 : S 279.27 % $5,335 8,5,13 62 %
2020-10-13 07 - 381 : B 3.692 ETH
2020-09-05 07 - 335 : S 38.43 % $1,407 7,5,12 58 %
2020-07-06 07 - 242 : B 4.199 ETH
2020-06-27 07 - 221 : S 28.49 % $1,016 6,5,11 55 %
2020-04-16 07 - 172 : B 4.598 ETH
2020-02-29 07 - 217 : S 47.62 % $791 5,5,10 50 %
2020-01-12 07 - 147 : B 3.644 ETH
2019-11-18 07 - 178 : S -2.73 % $536 4,5,9 44 %
2019-11-01 07 - 183 : B 3.010 ETH
2019-09-23 07 - 201 : SL -4.29 % $551 4,4,8 50 %
2019-09-18 07 - 210 : B 2.740 ETH
2019-07-12 07 - 275 : S 63.69 % $575 4,3,7 57 %
2019-05-03 07 - 168 : B 2.093 ETH
2019-04-28 07 - 158 : S 29.51 % $352 3,3,6 50 %
2019-02-15 07 - 122 : B 2.225 ETH
2019-01-10 07 - 125 : SL -6.02 % $271 2,3,5 40 %
2018-12-29 07 - 133 : B 2.172 ETH
2018-05-22 07 - 641 : S 5.95 % $289 2,2,4 50 %
2018-04-21 07 - 605 : B 0.451 ETH
2018-02-02 07 - 922 : S 197.42 % $273 1,2,3 33 %
2017-11-11 07 - 310 : B 0.296 ETH
2017-10-09 07 - 297 : SL -4.50 % $92 0,2,2 0 %
2017-10-07 07 - 311 : B 0.309 ETH
2017-08-22 07 - 310 : SL -4.02 % $96 0,1,1 0 %
2017-08-21 07 - 323 : B 0.310 ETH
Refracted EMARefracted EMA is a price based indicator with bands that is built on moving average.
The price range between the bands directly depends on relationship of Average True Range to Moving Average. This gives us very valuable variable constant that changes with the market moves.
So the bands expand and contract due to changes in volatility of the market, which makes this tool very flexible exposing psychological levels.
Stepped Moving Average of CCI [Loxx]Stepped Moving Average of CCI is a CCI that applies a stepping algorithm to smooth CCI. This allows for noice reduction and better identification of breakouts/breakdowns/reversals.
What is CCI?
The Commodity Channel Index ( CCI ) measures the current price level relative to an average price level over a given period of time. CCI is relatively high when prices are far above their average. CCI is relatively low when prices are far below their average. Using this method, CCI can be used to identify overbought and oversold levels.
Included:
Bar coloring
4 signal variations w/ alerts
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Loxx's Moving Averages
Volatility Quality Index w/ Pips Filtering [Loxx]Volatility Quality Index w/ Pips Filtering is a Volatility Quality Index indicator with various smoothing types and pips filtering
What is the Volatility Quality Index (VQI)?
The idea behind the volatility quality index is to point out the difference between bad and good volatility in order to identify better trade opportunities in the market. This forex indicator works using the True Range algorithm in combination with the open, close, high and low prices.
Included
7 different types of smoothing average
Alerts (coming in future update, stay tuned)
Signals (coming in future update, stay tuned)
Key Performance IndicatorWe are happy to introduce the Key Performance Indicator by Detlev Matthes. This is an amazing tool to quantify the efficiency of a trading system and identify potential spots of improvement.
Abstract
A key performance indicator with high explanatory value for the quality of trading systems is introduced. Quality is expressed as an indicator and comprises the individual values of qualitative aspects. The work developing the KPI was submitted for the 2017 VTAD Award and won first prize.
Introduction
Imagine that you have a variety of stock trading systems from which to select. During backtesting, each trading system will deliver different results with regard to its indicators (depending on, inter alia, its parameters and the stock used). You will also get different forms of progression for profit development. It requires great experience to select the “best” trading system from this variety of information (provided by several indicators) and significantly varying equity progression forms. In this paper, an indicator will be introduced that expresses the quality of a trading system in just one figure. With such an indicator, you can view the results of one backtest at a glance and also more easily compare a variety of backtesting results with one another.
If you are interested in learning more about the calculations behind this indicator then I have included a link to the english version of his research paper.
Along with this, we now offer indicator development services. If you are interested in learning more then feel free to reach out to get a quote for your project.
**Please note that we have NOT inputted any real strategy into the code and therefore it is not producing any real value. Feel free to change the code as desired to test any strategy!**
drive.google.com
FunctionDynamicTimeWarpingLibrary "FunctionDynamicTimeWarping"
"In time series analysis, dynamic time warping (DTW) is an algorithm for
measuring similarity between two temporal sequences, which may vary in
speed. For instance, similarities in walking could be detected using DTW,
even if one person was walking faster than the other, or if there were
accelerations and decelerations during the course of an observation.
DTW has been applied to temporal sequences of video, audio, and graphics
data — indeed, any data that can be turned into a linear sequence can be
analyzed with DTW. A well-known application has been automatic speech
recognition, to cope with different speaking speeds. Other applications
include speaker recognition and online signature recognition.
It can also be used in partial shape matching applications."
"Dynamic time warping is used in finance and econometrics to assess the
quality of the prediction versus real-world data."
~~ wikipedia
reference:
en.wikipedia.org
towardsdatascience.com
github.com
cost_matrix(a, b, w)
Dynamic Time Warping procedure.
Parameters:
a : array, data series.
b : array, data series.
w : int , minimum window size.
Returns: matrix optimum match matrix.
traceback(M)
perform a backtrace on the cost matrix and retrieve optimal paths and cost between arrays.
Parameters:
M : matrix, cost matrix.
Returns: tuple:
array aligned 1st array of indices.
array aligned 2nd array of indices.
float final cost.
reference:
github.com
report(a, b, w)
report ordered arrays, cost and cost matrix.
Parameters:
a : array, data series.
b : array, data series.
w : int , minimum window size.
Returns: string report.
Grid Settings & MMThis script is designed to help you plan your grid trading or when averaging your position in the spot market.
The script has a small error (due to the simplification of the code), it does not take into account the size of the commission.
You can set any values on all parameters on any timeframe, except for the number of orders in the grid (from 2 to 5).
The usage algorithm is quite simple:
1. Connect the script
2. Install a Fibo grid on the chart - optional (settings at the bottom of the description)
3.On the selected pair, determine the HighPrice & LowPrice levels and insert their values
4.Evaluate grid data (levels, estimated profit ’%’, possible profit ‘$’...)
And it's all)
Block of variables for calculating grid and MM parameters
Variables used regularly
--- HighPrice and LowPrice - constant update when changing pairs
--- Deposit - deposit amount - periodically set the actual amount
Variables that do not require permanent changes
--- Grids - set the planned number of grids, default 5
--- Steps - the planned number of orders in the grid, by default 5
--- C_Order - coefficient of increasing the size of orders in the base coin, by default 1.2
--- C_Price - trading levels offset coefficient, default 1.1
--- FirstLevel - location of the first buy level, default 0.5
--- Back_HL - number of candles back, default 150
*** For C_Order and C_Price variables, the value 1 means the same order size and the same distance between buy levels.
The fibo grid is used for visualization, you can do without it, ! it is not tied to the script code !
You can calculate the levels of the Fibo grid using the formula:
(level price - minimum price) / (maximum price - minimum price)
For default values, grid levels are as follows:
1 ... 0.5
2...0.359
3 ... 0.211
4...0.0564
5...-0.1043
Short description:
in the upper right corner
--- indicator of the price movement for the last 150 candles, in % !!! there is no task here to "catch" the peak values - only a relative estimate.
in the upper left corner
--- total amount of the deposit
--- the planned number of grids
--- “cost” of one grid
--- the size of the estimated profit depending on the specified HighPrice & LowPrice
in the lower left corner
--- Buy - price levels for buy orders
--- Amount - the number of purchased coins in the corresponding order
--- Sell - levels of profit taking by the sum of market orders in the grid
--- $$$ - the sum of all orders in the grid, taking into account the last active order
--- TP - profit amount by the amount of orders in the grid
Pips-Stepped MA of RSI Adaptive EMA [Loxx]Pips-Stepped MA of RSI Adaptive EMA is a pips-stepping, adaptive moving average that first, filers source input price using an EMA calculated using an RSI-modified alpha value and second, and last, its plugged into a pips-stepping algorithm to output the final chart signals. This is mainly a forex indicator although it can be used for any asset, but you must adjust the step size to pips relative to the asset, For Bitcoin this may be 5000 or more.
Included
Bar coloring
Signals
Alerts
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Loxx's RSI Variety RSI types
Standard-Deviation Adaptive Smoother MA [Loxx]Standard-Deviation Adaptive Smoother MA is a Smoother moving average with standard deviation adaptivity.
What is the Smoother Moving Average?
The Smoother filter is a faster-reacting smoothing technique which generates considerably less lag than the SMMA ( Smoothed Moving Average ). It gives earlier signals but can also create false signals due to its earlier reactions. This filter is sometimes wrongly mistaken for the superior Jurik Smoothing algorithm.
Included:
Bar coloring
Polynomial Regression Extrapolation [LuxAlgo]This indicator fits a polynomial with a user set degree to the price using least squares and then extrapolates the result.
Settings
Length: Number of most recent price observations used to fit the model.
Extrapolate: Extrapolation horizon
Degree: Degree of the fitted polynomial
Src: Input source
Lock Fit: By default the fit and extrapolated result will readjust to any new price observation, enabling this setting allow the model to ignore new price observations, and extend the extrapolation to the most recent bar.
Usage
Polynomial regression is commonly used when a relationship between two variables can be described by a polynomial.
In technical analysis polynomial regression is commonly used to estimate underlying trends in the price as well as obtaining support/resistances. One common example being the linear regression which can be described as polynomial regression of degree 1.
Using polynomial regression for extrapolation can be considered when we assume that the underlying trend of a certain asset follows polynomial of a certain degree and that this assumption hold true for time t+1...,t+n . This is rarely the case but it can be of interest to certain users performing longer term analysis of assets such as Bitcoin.
The selection of the polynomial degree can be done considering the underlying trend of the observations we are trying to fit. In practice, it is rare to go over a degree of 3, as higher degree would tend to highlight more noisy variations.
Using a polynomial of degree 1 will return a line, and as such can be considered when the underlying trend is linear, but one could improve the fit by using an higher degree.
The chart above fits a polynomial of degree 2, this can be used to model more parabolic observations. We can see in the chart above that this improves the fit.
In the chart above a polynomial of degree 6 is used, we can see how more variations are highlighted. The extrapolation of higher degree polynomials can eventually highlight future turning points due to the nature of the polynomial, however there are no guarantee that these will reflect exact future reversals.
Details
A polynomial regression model y(t) of degree p is described by:
y(t) = β(0) + β(1)x(t) + β(2)x(t)^2 + ... + β(p)x(t)^p
The vector coefficients β are obtained such that the sum of squared error between the observations and y(t) is minimized. This can be achieved through specific iterative algorithms or directly by solving the system of equations:
β(0) + β(1)x(0) + β(2)x(0)^2 + ... + β(p)x(0)^p = y(0)
β(0) + β(1)x(1) + β(2)x(1)^2 + ... + β(p)x(1)^p = y(1)
...
β(0) + β(1)x(t-1) + β(2)x(t-1)^2 + ... + β(p)x(t-1)^p = y(t-1)
Note that solving this system of equations for higher degrees p with high x values can drastically affect the accuracy of the results. One method to circumvent this can be to subtract x by its mean.
Moving Average Filters Add-on w/ Expanded Source Types [Loxx]Moving Average Filters Add-on w/ Expanded Source Types is a conglomeration of specialized and traditional moving averages that will be used in most of indicators that I publish moving forward. There are 39 moving averages included in this indicator as well as expanded source types including traditional Heiken Ashi and Better Heiken Ashi candles. You can read about the expanded source types clicking here . About half of these moving averages are closed source on other trading platforms. This indicator serves as a reference point for future public/private, open/closed source indicators that I publish to TradingView. Information about these moving averages was gleaned from various forex and trading forums and platforms as well as TASC publications and other assorted research publications.
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Included moving averages
ADXvma - Average Directional Volatility Moving Average
Linnsoft's ADXvma formula is a volatility-based moving average, with the volatility being determined by the value of the ADX indicator.
The ADXvma has the SMA in Chande's CMO replaced with an EMA, it then uses a few more layers of EMA smoothing before the "Volatility Index" is calculated.
A side effect is, those additional layers slow down the ADXvma when you compare it to Chande's Variable Index Dynamic Average VIDYA.
The ADXVMA provides support during uptrends and resistance during downtrends and will stay flat for longer, but will create some of the most accurate market signals when it decides to move.
Ahrens Moving Average
Richard D. Ahrens's Moving Average promises "Smoother Data" that isn't influenced by the occasional price spike. It works by using the Open and the Close in his formula so that the only time the Ahrens Moving Average will change is when the candlestick is either making new highs or new lows.
Alexander Moving Average - ALXMA
This Moving Average uses an elaborate smoothing formula and utilizes a 7 period Moving Average. It corresponds to fitting a second-order polynomial to seven consecutive observations. This moving average is rarely used in trading but is interesting as this Moving Average has been applied to diffusion indexes that tend to be very volatile.
Double Exponential Moving Average - DEMA
The Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA) combines a smoothed EMA and a single EMA to provide a low-lag indicator. It's primary purpose is to reduce the amount of "lagging entry" opportunities, and like all Moving Averages, the DEMA confirms uptrends whenever price crosses on top of it and closes above it, and confirms downtrends when the price crosses under it and closes below it - but with significantly less lag.
Double Smoothed Exponential Moving Average - DSEMA
The Double Smoothed Exponential Moving Average is a lot less laggy compared to a traditional EMA. It's also considered a leading indicator compared to the EMA, and is best utilized whenever smoothness and speed of reaction to market changes are required.
Exponential Moving Average - EMA
The EMA places more significance on recent data points and moves closer to price than the SMA (Simple Moving Average). It reacts faster to volatility due to its emphasis on recent data and is known for its ability to give greater weight to recent and more relevant data. The EMA is therefore seen as an enhancement over the SMA.
Fast Exponential Moving Average - FEMA
An Exponential Moving Average with a short look-back period.
Fractal Adaptive Moving Average - FRAMA
The Fractal Adaptive Moving Average by John Ehlers is an intelligent adaptive Moving Average which takes the importance of price changes into account and follows price closely enough to display significant moves whilst remaining flat if price ranges. The FRAMA does this by dynamically adjusting the look-back period based on the market's fractal geometry.
Hull Moving Average - HMA
Alan Hull's HMA makes use of weighted moving averages to prioritize recent values and greatly reduce lag whilst maintaining the smoothness of a traditional Moving Average. For this reason, it's seen as a well-suited Moving Average for identifying entry points.
IE/2 - Early T3 by Tim Tilson
The IE/2 is a Moving Average that uses Linear Regression slope in its calculation to help with smoothing. It's a worthy Moving Average on it's own, even though it is the precursor and very early version of the famous "T3 Indicator".
Integral of Linear Regression Slope - ILRS
A Moving Average where the slope of a linear regression line is simply integrated as it is fitted in a moving window of length N (natural numbers in maths) across the data. The derivative of ILRS is the linear regression slope. ILRS is not the same as a SMA (Simple Moving Average) of length N, which is actually the midpoint of the linear regression line as it moves across the data.
Instantaneous Trendline
The Instantaneous Trendline is created by removing the dominant cycle component from the price information which makes this Moving Average suitable for medium to long-term trading.
Laguerre Filter
The Laguerre Filter is a smoothing filter which is based on Laguerre polynomials. The filter requires the current price, three prior prices, a user defined factor called Alpha to fill its calculation.
Adjusting the Alpha coefficient is used to increase or decrease its lag and it's smoothness.
Leader Exponential Moving Average
The Leader EMA was created by Giorgos E. Siligardos who created a Moving Average which was able to eliminate lag altogether whilst maintaining some smoothness. It was first described during his research paper "MACD Leader" where he applied this to the MACD to improve its signals and remove its lagging issue. This filter uses his leading MACD's "modified EMA" and can be used as a zero lag filter.
Linear Regression Value - LSMA (Least Squares Moving Average)
LSMA as a Moving Average is based on plotting the end point of the linear regression line. It compares the current value to the prior value and a determination is made of a possible trend, eg. the linear regression line is pointing up or down.
Linear Weighted Moving Average - LWMA
LWMA reacts to price quicker than the SMA and EMA. Although it's similar to the Simple Moving Average, the difference is that a weight coefficient is multiplied to the price which means the most recent price has the highest weighting, and each prior price has progressively less weight. The weights drop in a linear fashion.
McGinley Dynamic
John McGinley created this Moving Average to track price better than traditional Moving Averages. It does this by incorporating an automatic adjustment factor into its formula, which speeds (or slows) the indicator in trending, or ranging, markets.
McNicholl EMA
Dennis McNicholl developed this Moving Average to use as his center line for his "Better Bollinger Bands" indicator and was successful because it responded better to volatility changes over the standard SMA and managed to avoid common whipsaws.
Non lag moving average
The Non Lag Moving average follows price closely and gives very quick signals as well as early signals of price change. As a standalone Moving Average, it should not be used on its own, but as an additional confluence tool for early signals.
Parabolic Weighted Moving Average
The Parabolic Weighted Moving Average is a variation of the Linear Weighted Moving Average. The Linear Weighted Moving Average calculates the average by assigning different weight to each element in its calculation. The Parabolic Weighted Moving Average is a variation that allows weights to be changed to form a parabolic curve. It is done simply by using the Power parameter of this indicator.
Recursive Moving Trendline
Dennis Meyers's Recursive Moving Trendline uses a recursive (repeated application of a rule) polynomial fit, a technique that uses a small number of past values estimations of price and today's price to predict tomorrows price.
Simple Moving Average - SMA
The SMA calculates the average of a range of prices by adding recent prices and then dividing that figure by the number of time periods in the calculation average. It is the most basic Moving Average which is seen as a reliable tool for starting off with Moving Average studies. As reliable as it may be, the basic moving average will work better when it's enhanced into an EMA.
Sine Weighted Moving Average
The Sine Weighted Moving Average assigns the most weight at the middle of the data set. It does this by weighting from the first half of a Sine Wave Cycle and the most weighting is given to the data in the middle of that data set. The Sine WMA closely resembles the TMA (Triangular Moving Average).
Smoothed Moving Average - SMMA
The Smoothed Moving Average is similar to the Simple Moving Average (SMA), but aims to reduce noise rather than reduce lag. SMMA takes all prices into account and uses a long lookback period. Due to this, it's seen a an accurate yet laggy Moving Average.
Smoother
The Smoother filter is a faster-reacting smoothing technique which generates considerably less lag than the SMMA (Smoothed Moving Average). It gives earlier signals but can also create false signals due to its earlier reactions. This filter is sometimes wrongly mistaken for the superior Jurik Smoothing algorithm.
Super Smoother
The Super Smoother filter uses John Ehlers’s “Super Smoother” which consists of a a Two pole Butterworth filter combined with a 2-bar SMA (Simple Moving Average) that suppresses the 22050 Hz Nyquist frequency: A characteristic of a sampler, which converts a continuous function or signal into a discrete sequence.
Three pole Ehlers Butterworth
The 3 pole Ehlers Butterworth (as well as the Two pole Butterworth) are both superior alternatives to the EMA and SMA. They aim at producing less lag whilst maintaining accuracy. The 2 pole filter will give you a better approximation for price, whereas the 3 pole filter has superior smoothing.
Three pole Ehlers smoother
The 3 pole Ehlers smoother works almost as close to price as the above mentioned 3 Pole Ehlers Butterworth. It acts as a strong baseline for signals but removes some noise. Side by side, it hardly differs from the Three Pole Ehlers Butterworth but when examined closely, it has better overshoot reduction compared to the 3 pole Ehlers Butterworth.
Triangular Moving Average - TMA
The TMA is similar to the EMA but uses a different weighting scheme. Exponential and weighted Moving Averages will assign weight to the most recent price data. Simple moving averages will assign the weight equally across all the price data. With a TMA (Triangular Moving Average), it is double smoother (averaged twice) so the majority of the weight is assigned to the middle portion of the data.
The TMA and Sine Weighted Moving Average Filter are almost identical at times.
Triple Exponential Moving Average - TEMA
The TEMA uses multiple EMA calculations as well as subtracting lag to create a tool which can be used for scalping pullbacks. As it follows price closely, it's signals are considered very noisy and should only be used in extremely fast-paced trading conditions.
Two pole Ehlers Butterworth
The 2 pole Ehlers Butterworth (as well as the three pole Butterworth mentioned above) is another filter that cuts out the noise and follows the price closely. The 2 pole is seen as a faster, leading filter over the 3 pole and follows price a bit more closely. Analysts will utilize both a 2 pole and a 3 pole Butterworth on the same chart using the same period, but having both on chart allows its crosses to be traded.
Two pole Ehlers smoother
A smoother version of the Two pole Ehlers Butterworth. This filter is the faster version out of the 3 pole Ehlers Butterworth. It does a decent job at cutting out market noise whilst emphasizing a closer following to price over the 3 pole Ehlers.
Volume Weighted EMA - VEMA
Utilizing tick volume in MT4 (or real volume in MT5), this EMA will use the Volume reading in its decision to plot its moves. The more Volume it detects on a move, the more authority (confirmation) it has. And this EMA uses those Volume readings to plot its movements.
Studies show that tick volume and real volume have a very strong correlation, so using this filter in MT4 or MT5 produces very similar results and readings.
Zero Lag DEMA - Zero Lag Double Exponential Moving Average
John Ehlers's Zero Lag DEMA's aim is to eliminate the inherent lag associated with all trend following indicators which average a price over time. Because this is a Double Exponential Moving Average with Zero Lag, it has a tendency to overshoot and create a lot of false signals for swing trading. It can however be used for quick scalping or as a secondary indicator for confluence.
Zero Lag Moving Average
The Zero Lag Moving Average is described by its creator, John Ehlers, as a Moving Average with absolutely no delay. And it's for this reason that this filter will cause a lot of abrupt signals which will not be ideal for medium to long-term traders. This filter is designed to follow price as close as possible whilst de-lagging data instead of basing it on regular data. The way this is done is by attempting to remove the cumulative effect of the Moving Average.
Zero Lag TEMA - Zero Lag Triple Exponential Moving Average
Just like the Zero Lag DEMA, this filter will give you the fastest signals out of all the Zero Lag Moving Averages. This is useful for scalping but dangerous for medium to long-term traders, especially during market Volatility and news events. Having no lag, this filter also has no smoothing in its signals and can cause some very bizarre behavior when applied to certain indicators.
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What are Heiken Ashi "better" candles?
The "better formula" was proposed in an article/memo by BNP-Paribas (In Warrants & Zertifikate, No. 8, August 2004 (a monthly German magazine published by BNP Paribas, Frankfurt), there is an article by Sebastian Schmidt about further development (smoothing) of Heikin-Ashi chart.)
They proposed to use the following:
(Open+Close)/2+(((Close-Open)/( High-Low ))*ABS((Close-Open)/2))
instead of using :
haClose = (O+H+L+C)/4
According to that document the HA representation using their proposed formula is better than the traditional formula.
What are traditional Heiken-Ashi candles?
The Heikin-Ashi technique averages price data to create a Japanese candlestick chart that filters out market noise.
Heikin-Ashi charts, developed by Munehisa Homma in the 1700s, share some characteristics with standard candlestick charts but differ based on the values used to create each candle. Instead of using the open, high, low, and close like standard candlestick charts, the Heikin-Ashi technique uses a modified formula based on two-period averages. This gives the chart a smoother appearance, making it easier to spots trends and reversals, but also obscures gaps and some price data.
Expanded generic source types:
Close = close
Open = open
High = high
Low = low
Median = hl2
Typical = hlc3
Weighted = hlcc4
Average = ohlc4
Average Median Body = (open+close)/2
Trend Biased = (see code, too complex to explain here)
Trend Biased (extreme) = (see code, too complex to explain here)
Included:
-Toggle bar color on/off
-Toggle signal line on/off
SigmaSpikes Background Highlight [vnhilton]SigmaSpikes is an indicator created by Adam H Grimes. It's a volatility indicator which applies a standard deviation measure on candles for a set period of time, in order to find big candles/moves relative to the other candles. These big moves could be the outcome of setups being traded by market players, large market orders put in by big money players, &/or HFT algorithms reacting to events (usually fundamental events).
These big moves can also be seen as inefficient as it doesn't fit in with the mostly efficient market - this is very similar to gaps of which price would want to fill as they're inefficient, in order to "restore order" to the market.
This indicator attempts to give better information at a glance, by highlighting the background of candles that have sigma spikes over the set standard deviation threshold.
In the chart snapshot image above featuring EURUSD, we can see at 24/06/22 3PM BST, a big move has occurred (highlighted in green showing upward move) leaving an inefficiency area that needs to be filled. The high end of the inefficiency area was reached in the following candle as there was no gap between that candle's open & the previous big candle's close. The low end of the inefficiency area was finally reached almost 4 hours later, at 6:55PM BST.
MACDPROThis MACDPRO indicator is based on MACD, RSI, ADX, BB and it has LONG/SHORT alerts for signals
In script settings you can specify:
1) Dispertion value, 3 by default.
2) Noise filter smooth factor, 16 by default.
3) Enable/Disable RSIPROv5 TrendIndicator algorythm
4) Setting RSI Overbought and Oversold values
5) Enable/Disable stop loss and take profit filter for indicator
6) Enable/Disable BB
Best fits for 30-60 min timeframe. Also good for 15min scalping strategy. Fits for any crypto coins, forex, metals, oil and bonds.
This is very powerfull script and will be private soon
Cipher Twister - Long and ShortINTRO / NOTES:
This script is based on Market Cipher B Oscillator by Falcon
The difference in this script is that only the useful points are printed on the indicator, namely Long and Short Trade Execution signals to be used by a bot, namely the PT Bot.
The script also differs from the original that it has been upgraded to Pinescript v4
This oscillator can be used with ALL time frames, but generally works the best on 15 minute and 1 hour charts on ANY market, no matter, stock, forex, crypto, spot, futures, derivatives, Nasdaq etc...
DEFINITIONS:
This oscillator forms the foundation of Buy and Exit of Long and Short Trades.
There are 2 'Red' Lines at the top of the channel and 2 Green Lines at the bottom of the channel.
These two channels are set at default to be +53 / -53 and +60 / -60 respectively. These two lines will serve as the threshold point if one is to make cautious trades only.
There is a center line which divides the Oscillator into two parts. Above the center line, the market is in over bought territory and Below the center line is in over sold territory.
'Red' dots are drawn by the indicator to represent a potential Short (or a signal to exit from a Long position)
'Green' dots are drawn by the indicator to represent a potential Long (or a signal to exit from a Short position)
The 'Red' and 'Green' dots are draw when a Cross between both wt1 & wt2 cross, thus providing a fantastic indication of potential trend reversal and entry/exit of a position.
STRATEGY NOTES:
The strategy to use this indicator with for realistic and proper results would be to use it with an automated Trading Bot such as Profit Trailer (PT-BOT)
You could use this strategy manually, however it would mean you would need to sit in front of the screen all day and night long and activate the trades immediately after the 'red'/'green' dots are drawn. Usually this will result in non-optimal entries and exits as well as loss on various instances when a 'red' and 'green' dot are printed close together (which is usually when the market goes into correction/consolidation) and slow entries/exits will result in a loss rather than a small profit or exit at BE (Break Even)
ACTUAL STRATEGY (For use with automated bot)
To be used in conjunction with Heikin Ashi Candles for added cautionary measures
For LONGs ONLY
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1/ When 'Green' dot is drawn, ACTIVATE Long Position
(Use 1.5% Risk Management for each trade)
(Use Lot size based on 1.5% risk management and xLeverage (if any))
2/ Make sure bot Opens an SL (Stop Loss) value based on 1.5% Risk Management
3/ When 'Red' dot is drawn, CLOSE Long Position.
*If you want to add extra caution to your trade, only activate the trade if the 'Green' dot is BELOW the 'Green' Markers
*For added caution, use color coded Heikin Ashi candles to 'confirm' Activation and Closing of a trade in the bot configuration
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For SHORTs ONLY
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1/ When 'Red' dot is drawn, ACTIVATE Short Position
(Use 1.5% Risk Management for each trade)
(Use Lot size based on 1.5% risk management and xLeverage (if any))
2/ Make sure bot Opens an SL (Stop Loss) value based on 1.5% Risk Management
3/ When 'Green' dot is drawn, CLOSE Short Position
*If you want to add extra caution to your trade, only activate the trade if the 'Red' dot is Above the Red Markers
*For added caution, use color coded Heikin Ashi candles to 'confirm' Activation and Closing of a trade in the bot configuration
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Supplementary Notes:
Make sure that your bot configuration will only activate ONE TRADE when the 'Green'/'Red' dot appears.
Occasionally during high volatility , 'red'/'green' dots will appear intermittently before remaining drawn, thus the oscillator 'redraws' the dots during market movement.
There will be times where occasionally a 'green' dot or a 'red' dot will appear, the trade will be opened, but the trade will fail due to the market manipulation (algorithm/market maker bots/fake volume etc), to wipe out those trading on derivatives and futures markets using leverage. Do not worry about this, no bot can make 100% wins, no strategy will achieve 100% win ratio and one necessarily doesn't need a high win ratio when using strict money management practices with your trading for SL and lot size.
If you use this method, you will see great results, but again I must stress, using this method with a fully automated bot is the only way to achieve proper results.
Kalman Filter [Loxx]Kalman filter is a recursive algorithm that has been invented in the 1960s to track a moving target, remove any noisy measurements of its position and predict its future position. In finance, KF has been used by the asset management industry for various purposes. KF is an optimal choice in many cases and do at least better than a moving average smoothing.
A port of Kalman filter - indicator for MetaTrader 4
Added color change based on whether velocity is over/under 0
