Classification des ETF: Catégories, domaines de spécialisation et niches
La classification des ETF (Exchange-Traded Funds, fonds négociés en bourse) est une manière d'organiser ces fonds en fonction de diverses caractéristiques. En règle générale, la classification se fait à plusieurs niveaux : classe d'actifs, catégorie, orientation et niche. Examinons chacun de ces niveaux plus en détail :
Classe d'actifs : Il s'agit du niveau le plus général, qui détermine le type d'investissement dans lequel le fonds opère. Les actions, les obligations, l'immobilier et les matières premières sont des exemples de classes d'actifs.
Catégorie : À ce niveau, les fonds sont divisés en sous-groupes au sein de leur classe d'actifs. Par exemple, dans la classe d'actifs "actions", les catégories peuvent inclure les secteurs (technologie, santé, etc.), la taille de l'entreprise (grande, moyenne, petite) et le style (croissance, valeur).
Focus : Ce niveau prend en compte des caractéristiques plus spécialisées. Si, par exemple, un ETF investit dans des valeurs technologiques, il peut se concentrer sur des sous-secteurs spécifiques tels que l'IA ou la cybersécurité.
Niche : il s'agit du niveau de classification le plus spécifique. Les fonds de cette catégorie se concentrent généralement sur des segments de marché très étroits et spécialisés. Par exemple, un ETF peut investir uniquement dans des sociétés impliquées dans le développement de véhicules électriques.
Classe d'actifs | Catégorie | Focus | Niche |
---|---|---|---|
Equity | Sector | Communication services | Media & entertainment |
Interactive Media & Services | |||
Broad-based | |||
Consumer discretionary | Automobile manufacturers | ||
Hotels, restaurants & leisure | |||
Hotels, resorts & cruise lines | |||
Casinos & gaming | |||
Broadline retail | |||
Broad-based | |||
Consumer staples | Food, beverage & tobacco | ||
Broad-based | |||
Energy | Energy equipment & services | ||
MLPs | |||
Oil & gas equipment & services | |||
Oil & gas exploration & production | |||
Oil & gas refining & marketing | |||
Oil, gas & consumable fuels | |||
Broad-based | |||
Financials | Asset management & custody banks | ||
Banks | |||
Capital markets | |||
Diversified Banks | |||
Financial Exchanges & Data | |||
Financial services | |||
Insurance | |||
Mortgage REITs | |||
Property & casualty insurance | |||
Regional banks | |||
Transaction & payment processing services | |||
Broad-basedFinancials | |||
Health care | Biotechnology | ||
Health care equipment | |||
Health care equipment & services | |||
Health care equipment & supplies | |||
Health care providers & services | |||
Health care technology | |||
Life sciences tools & services | |||
Pharma, biotech & life sciences | |||
Pharmaceuticals | |||
Broad-based | |||
Industrials | Aerospace & defense | ||
Auto | |||
Construction & engineering | |||
Passenger airlines | |||
Passenger ground transportation | |||
Transportation | |||
Broad-based | |||
Information technology | Application software | ||
Communications equipment | |||
Internet services & infrastructure | |||
Semiconductors | |||
Software | |||
Software & services | |||
Broad-based | |||
Materials | Copper miners | ||
Diversified metals & mining | |||
Gold miners | |||
Metals & mining | |||
Silver miners | |||
Steel producers | |||
Broad-based | |||
Real estate | Industrial REITs | ||
Specialized REITs | |||
REITs | |||
Broad-based | |||
Utilities | Electric Utilities | ||
Broad-based | |||
Theme | 5G | ||
Agriculture | |||
Big Tech | |||
Blockchain | |||
Broad technology | |||
Broad thematic | |||
Cannabis | |||
Consumer | |||
Cybersecurity | |||
Digital economy | |||
Environment | |||
FinTech | |||
Genomic advancements | |||
Housing | |||
Infrastructure | |||
Internet | |||
Low carbon | |||
Millennials | |||
Mobility | |||
Natural resources | |||
Nuclear energy | |||
Remote work | |||
Renewable energy | |||
Robotics | |||
Robotics & AI | |||
Space | |||
Telecoms | |||
Timber | |||
Video games & eSports | |||
Water | |||
Size and style | Extended market | Growth Value Broad-based | |
Micro cap | |||
Small cap | |||
Mid cap | |||
Large cap | |||
Total market | |||
High dividend yield | High dividend yield | Broad-based | |
Fixed income | Broad market, asset-backed | Broad credit High yield Investment grade | Broad maturities Floating rate Intermediate Long-term Short-term Ultra-short term |
Broad market, broad-based | |||
Corporate, asset-backed | |||
Corporate, bank loans | |||
Corporate, broad-based | |||
Corporate, convertible | |||
Corporate, preferred | |||
Government, agency | |||
Government, broad-based | |||
Government, inflation-linked | |||
Government, local authority/municipal | |||
Government, mortgage-backed | |||
Government, non-native currency | |||
Government, treasury | |||
Commodities | Agriculture | Broad market | Broad maturities Extended term Front month Intermediate Laddered Optimized Physically held Variable |
Cocoa | |||
Coffee | |||
Corn | |||
Cotton | |||
Grains | |||
Lean hogs | |||
Live cattle | |||
Livestock | |||
Softs | |||
Soybean oil | |||
Soybeans | |||
Sugar | |||
Wheat | |||
Broad market | Broad market | ||
Broad market ex agriculture | |||
Energy | Broad market | ||
Carbon credits | |||
Crude oil | |||
Energy, Electricity | |||
Gasoline | |||
Heating oil | |||
Natural gas | |||
Petroleum | |||
Industrial metals | Aluminium | ||
Broad market | |||
Copper | |||
Lead | |||
Nickel | |||
Tin | |||
Zinc | |||
Metals | Broad market | ||
Precious metals | Broad market | ||
Gold | |||
Palladium | |||
Platinum | |||
Rhodium | |||
Silver | |||
Currency | Basket | Rules for currency pairs: One currency long, the other short. ""Basket"" for currency baskets. Currencies denoted by ISO codes. Examples: Long Bitcoin, short USD Long USD, short EUR Long G10 basket, short USD | Derivative In specie |
Pair | |||
Asset allocation | Asset allocation | Target date | Specified Year, examples: 2030 2045 |
Target outcome | Capital appreciation | ||
Income | |||
Income & capital appreciation | |||
Target risk | Aggressive | ||
Conservative | |||
Moderate | |||
Moderately aggressive | |||
Alternatives | Hedge fund strategies | Global macro | Managed futures |
Risk parity | |||
Risk premia | |||
Long/short | Event-driven | ||
Long/short | |||
Market neutral | |||
Merger arbitrage | |||
Multi-strategy | Absolute return | ||
Multi-strategy | |||
Tactical tools | Spreads | Long/short volatility | |
Inflation | |||
Volatility | S&P 500 | ||
S&P 500 mid-term | |||
S&P 500 short-term | |||
Trend-following |