Vandan V2Vandan V2 is an automated trend-following strategy for NASDAQ E-mini Futures (NQ1!).
It uses multi-timeframe momentum and volatility filters to identify high-probability entries.
Includes dynamic risk management and trailing logic optimized for intraday trading.
Pinescript
Fisher Transform Trend Navigator [QuantAlgo]🟢 Overview
The Fisher Transform Trend Navigator applies a logarithmic transformation to normalize price data into a Gaussian distribution, then combines this with volatility-adaptive thresholds to create a trend detection system. This mathematical approach helps traders identify high-probability trend changes and reversal points while filtering market noise in the ever-changing volatility conditions.
🟢 How It Works
The indicator's foundation begins with price normalization, where recent price action is scaled to a bounded range between -1 and +1:
highestHigh = ta.highest(priceSource, fisherPeriod)
lowestLow = ta.lowest(priceSource, fisherPeriod)
value1 = highestHigh != lowestLow ? 2 * (priceSource - lowestLow) / (highestHigh - lowestLow) - 1 : 0
value1 := math.max(-0.999, math.min(0.999, value1))
This normalized value then passes through the Fisher Transform calculation, which applies a logarithmic function to convert the data into a Gaussian normal distribution that naturally amplifies price extremes and turning points:
fisherTransform = 0.5 * math.log((1 + value1) / (1 - value1))
smoothedFisher = ta.ema(fisherTransform, fisherSmoothing)
The smoothed Fisher signal is then integrated with an exponential moving average to create a hybrid trend line that balances statistical precision with price-following behavior:
baseTrend = ta.ema(close, basePeriod)
fisherAdjustment = smoothedFisher * fisherSensitivity * close
fisherTrend = baseTrend + fisherAdjustment
To filter out false signals and adapt to market conditions, the system calculates dynamic threshold bands using volatility measurements:
dynamicRange = ta.atr(volatilityPeriod)
threshold = dynamicRange * volatilityMultiplier
upperThreshold = fisherTrend + threshold
lowerThreshold = fisherTrend - threshold
When price momentum pushes through these thresholds, the trend line locks onto the new level and maintains direction until the opposite threshold is breached:
if upperThreshold < trendLine
trendLine := upperThreshold
if lowerThreshold > trendLine
trendLine := lowerThreshold
🟢 Signal Interpretation
Bullish Candles (Green): indicate normalized price distribution favoring bulls with sustained buying momentum = Long/Buy opportunities
Bearish Candles (Red): indicate normalized price distribution favoring bears with sustained selling pressure = Short/Sell opportunities
Upper Band Zone: Area above middle level indicating statistically elevated trend strength with potential overbought conditions approaching mean reversion zones
Lower Band Zone: Area below middle level indicating statistically depressed trend strength with potential oversold conditions approaching mean reversion zones
Built-in Alert System: Automated notifications trigger when bullish or bearish states change, allowing you to act on significant developments without constantly monitoring the charts
Candle Coloring: Optional feature applies trend colors to price bars for visual consistency and clarity
Configuration Presets: Three parameter sets available - Default (balanced settings), Scalping (faster response with higher sensitivity), and Swing Trading (slower response with enhanced smoothing)
Color Customization: Four color schemes including Classic, Aqua, Cosmic, and Custom options for personalized chart aesthetics
Bayesian Trend Navigator [QuantAlgo]🟢 Overview
The Bayesian Trend Navigator uses Bayesian statistics to continuously update trend probabilities by combining long-term expectations (prior beliefs) and short-term observations (likelihood evidence), rather than relying solely on recent price data like many conventional indicators. This mathematical framework produces robust directional signals that naturally balance responsiveness with stability, making it suitable for traders and investors seeking statistically-grounded trend identification across diverse market environments and asset types.
🟢 How It Works
The indicator operates on Bayesian inference principles, a statistical method for updating beliefs when new evidence emerges. The system begins by establishing a prior belief - a long-term trend expectation calculated from historical price behavior. This represents the "baseline hypothesis" about market direction before considering recent developments.
Simultaneously, the algorithm collects recent market evidence through short-term trend analysis, representing the likelihood component. This captures what current price action suggests about directional momentum independent of historical context.
The core Bayesian engine then combines these elements using conjugate normal distributions and precision weighting. It calculates prior precision (inverse variance) and likelihood precision, combining them to determine a posterior precision. The resulting posterior mean represents the mathematically optimal trend estimate given both historical patterns and current reality. This posterior calculation includes intervals derived from the posterior variance, providing probabilistic confidence bounds around the trend estimate.
Finally, volatility-based standard deviation bands create adaptive boundaries around the Bayesian estimate. The trend line adjusts within these constraints, generating color transitions between bullish (green) and bearish (red) states when the posterior calculation crosses these probabilistic thresholds.
🟢 How to Use
Green/Bullish Trend Line: Posterior probability favoring upward momentum, indicating statistically favorable conditions for long positions (buy)
Red/Bearish Trend Line: Posterior probability favoring downward momentum, signaling mathematically supported timing for short positions (sell)
Rising Green Line: Strengthening bullish posterior as new evidence reinforces upward beliefs, showing increasing probabilistic confidence in trend continuation with favorable long entry conditions
Declining Red Line: Intensifying bearish posterior with accumulating downside evidence, indicating growing statistical certainty in downtrend persistence and optimal short positioning opportunities
Flattening Trends: Diminishing posterior confidence regardless of color suggests equilibrium between prior beliefs and contradictory evidence, potentially signaling consolidation or insufficient statistical clarity for high-conviction trades
🟢 Pro Tips for Trading and Investing
→ Preset Configuration Strategy: Deploy presets based on your trading horizon - Scalping preset maximizes evidence weight (0.8) for rapid Bayesian updates on 1-15 minute charts, Default preset balances prior and likelihood for general applications, while Swing Trading preset equalizes weights (0.5/0.5) for stable inference on hourly and daily timeframes.
→ Prior Weight Adjustment: Calibrate prior weight according to market regime - increase values (0.5-0.7) in stable trending markets where historical patterns remain predictive, decrease values (0.2-0.3) during regime changes or news-driven volatility when recent evidence should dominate the posterior calculation.
→ Evidence Period Tuning: Modify the evidence period based on information flow velocity. Use shorter periods (5-8 bars) for assets with continuous price discovery like cryptocurrencies, medium periods (10-15) for liquid stocks, and longer periods (15-20) for slower-moving markets to ensure adequate likelihood sample size.
→ Likelihood Weight Optimization: Adjust likelihood weight inversely to market noise levels. Higher values (0.7-0.8) work well in clean trending conditions where recent data is reliable, while lower values (0.4-0.6) help during choppy periods by maintaining stronger reliance on established prior beliefs.
→ Multi-Timeframe Bayesian Confluence: Apply the indicator across multiple timeframes, using higher timeframes (Daily/Weekly) to establish prior belief direction and lower timeframes (Hourly/15-minute) for likelihood-driven entry timing, ensuring posterior probabilities align across temporal scales for maximum statistical confidence.
→ Standard Deviation Multiplier Management: Adapt the multiplier to match current uncertainty levels. Use tighter multipliers (1.0-1.5) during low-volatility consolidations to capture early trend emergence, and wider multipliers (2.0-2.5) during high-volatility events to avoid premature signals caused by statistical noise rather than genuine posterior shifts.
→ Variance-Based Position Sizing: Monitor the implicit posterior variance through trend line stability - smooth consistent movements indicate low uncertainty warranting larger positions, while erratic fluctuations suggest high statistical uncertainty calling for reduced exposure until clearer probabilistic convergence emerges.
→ Alert-Based Probabilistic Execution: Utilize trend change alerts to capture every statistically significant posterior shift from bullish to bearish states or vice versa without constantly monitoring the charts.
Bollinger Adaptive Trend Navigator [QuantAlgo]🟢 Overview
The Bollinger Adaptive Trend Navigator synthesizes volatility channel analysis with variable smoothing mechanics to generate trend identification signals. It uses price positioning within Bollinger Band structures to modify moving average responsiveness, while incorporating ATR calculations to establish trend line boundaries that constrain movement during volatile periods. The adaptive nature makes this indicator particularly valuable for traders and investors working across various asset classes including stocks, forex, commodities, and cryptocurrencies, with effectiveness spanning multiple timeframes from intraday scalping to longer-term position analysis.
🟢 How It Works
The core mechanism calculates price position within Bollinger Bands and uses this positioning to create an adaptive smoothing factor:
bbPosition = bbUpper != bbLower ? (source - bbLower) / (bbUpper - bbLower) : 0.5
adaptiveFactor = (bbPosition - 0.5) * 2 * adaptiveMultiplier * bandWidthRatio
alpha = math.max(0.01, math.min(0.5, 2.0 / (bbPeriod + 1) * (1 + math.abs(adaptiveFactor))))
This adaptive coefficient drives an exponential moving average that responds more aggressively when price approaches Bollinger Band extremes:
var float adaptiveTrend = source
adaptiveTrend := alpha * source + (1 - alpha) * nz(adaptiveTrend , source)
finalTrend = 0.7 * adaptiveTrend + 0.3 * smoothedCenter
ATR-based volatility boundaries constrain the final trend line to prevent excessive movement during volatile periods:
volatility = ta.atr(volatilityPeriod)
upperBound = bollingerTrendValue + (volatility * volatilityMultiplier)
lowerBound = bollingerTrendValue - (volatility * volatilityMultiplier)
The trend line direction determines bullish or bearish states through simple slope comparison, with the final output displaying color-coded signals based on the synthesis of Bollinger positioning, adaptive smoothing, and volatility constraints (green = long/buy, red = short/sell).
🟢 Signal Interpretation
Rising Trend Line (Green): Indicates upward direction based on Bollinger positioning and adaptive smoothing = Potential long/buy opportunity
Falling Trend Line (Red): Indicates downward direction based on Bollinger positioning and adaptive smoothing = Potential short/sell opportunity
Built-in Alert System: Automated notifications trigger when bullish or bearish states change, allowing you to act on significant development without constantly monitoring the charts
Candle Coloring: Optional feature applies trend colors to price bars for visual consistency
Configuration Presets: Three parameter sets available - Default (standard settings), Scalping (faster response), and Swing Trading (slower response)
Sine Weighted Trend Navigator [QuantAlgo]🟢 Overview
The Sine Weighted Trend Navigator utilizes trigonometric mathematics to create a trend-following system that adapts to various market volatility. Unlike traditional moving averages that apply uniform weights, this indicator employs sine wave calculations to distribute weights across historical price data, creating a more responsive yet smooth trend measurement. Combined with volatility-adjusted boundaries, it produces actionable directional signals for traders and investors across various market conditions and asset classes.
🟢 How It Works
At its core, the indicator applies sine wave mathematics to weight historical prices. The system generates angular values across the lookback period and transforms them through sine calculations, creating a weight distribution pattern that naturally emphasizes recent price action while preserving smoothness. The phase shift feature allows rotation of this weighting pattern, enabling adjustment of the indicator's responsiveness to different market conditions.
Surrounding this sine-weighted calculation, the system establishes volatility-responsive boundaries through market volatility analysis. These boundaries expand and contract based on current market conditions, creating a dynamic framework that helps distinguish meaningful trend movements from random price fluctuations.
The trend determination logic compares the sine-weighted value against these adaptive boundaries. When the weighted value exceeds the upper boundary, it signals upward momentum. When it drops below the lower boundary, it indicates downward pressure. This comparison drives the color transitions of the main trend line, shifting between bullish (green) and bearish (red) states to provide clear directional guidance on price charts.
🟢 How to Use
Green/Bullish Trend Line: Rising momentum indicating optimal conditions for long positions (buy)
Red/Bearish Trend Line: Declining momentum signaling favorable timing for short positions (sell)
Steepening Green Line: Accelerating bullish momentum with increasing sine-weighted values indicating strengthening upward pressure and high-probability trend continuation
Steepening Red Line: Intensifying bearish momentum with declining sine-weighted calculations suggesting persistent downward pressure and optimal shorting opportunities
Flattening Trend Lines: Gradual reduction in directional momentum regardless of color may indicate approaching consolidation or trend exhaustion requiring position management review
🟢 Pro Tips for Trading and Investing
→ Preset Strategy Selection: Utilize the built-in presets strategically - Scalping preset for ultra-responsive 1-15 minute charts, Default preset for balanced general trading, and Swing Trading preset for 1-4 hour charts and multi-day positions.
→ Phase Shift Optimization: Fine-tune the phase shift parameter based on market bias - use positive values (0.1-0.5) in trending bull markets to enhance uptrend sensitivity, negative values (-0.1 to -0.5) in bear markets for improved downtrend detection, and zero for balanced neutral market conditions.
→ Multiplier Calibration: Adjust the multiplier according to market volatility and trading style. Use lower values (0.5-1.0) for tight, responsive signals in stable markets, higher values (2.0-3.0) during earnings seasons or high-volatility periods to filter noise and reduce whipsaws.
→ Sine Period Adaptation: Customize the sine weighted period based on your trading timeframe and market conditions. Use 5-14 for day trading to capture short-term momentum shifts, 14-25 for swing trading to balance responsiveness with reliability, and 25-50 for position trading to maintain long-term trend clarity.
→ Multi-Timeframe Sine Validation: Apply the indicator across multiple timeframes simultaneously, using higher timeframes (4H/Daily) for overall trend bias and lower timeframes (15m/1H) for entry timing, ensuring sine-weighted calculations align across different time horizons.
→ Alert-Driven Systematic Execution: Leverage the built-in trend change alerts to eliminate emotional decision-making and capture every mathematically-confirmed trend transition, particularly valuable for traders managing multiple instruments or those unable to monitor charts continuously.
→ Risk Management: Increase position sizes during strong directional sine-weighted momentum while reducing exposure during frequent color changes that indicate mathematical uncertainty or ranging market conditions lacking clear directional bias.
RSI Trend Navigator [QuantAlgo]🟢 Overview
The RSI Trend Navigator integrates RSI momentum calculations with adaptive exponential moving averages and ATR-based volatility bands to generate trend-following signals. The indicator applies variable smoothing coefficients based on RSI readings and incorporates normalized momentum adjustments to position a trend line that responds to both price action and underlying momentum conditions.
🟢 How It Works
The indicator begins by calculating and smoothing the RSI to reduce short-term fluctuations while preserving momentum information:
rsiValue = ta.rsi(source, rsiPeriod)
smoothedRSI = ta.ema(rsiValue, rsiSmoothing)
normalizedRSI = (smoothedRSI - 50) / 50
It then creates an adaptive smoothing coefficient that varies based on RSI positioning relative to the midpoint:
adaptiveAlpha = smoothedRSI > 50 ? 2.0 / (trendPeriod * 0.5 + 1) : 2.0 / (trendPeriod * 1.5 + 1)
This coefficient drives an adaptive trend calculation that responds more quickly when RSI indicates bullish momentum and more slowly during bearish conditions:
var float adaptiveTrend = source
adaptiveTrend := adaptiveAlpha * source + (1 - adaptiveAlpha) * nz(adaptiveTrend , source)
The normalized RSI values are converted into price-based adjustments using ATR for volatility scaling:
rsiAdjustment = normalizedRSI * ta.atr(14) * sensitivity
rsiTrendValue = adaptiveTrend + rsiAdjustment
ATR-based bands are constructed around this RSI-adjusted trend value to create dynamic boundaries that constrain trend line positioning:
atr = ta.atr(atrPeriod)
deviation = atr * atrMultiplier
upperBound = rsiTrendValue + deviation
lowerBound = rsiTrendValue - deviation
The trend line positioning uses these band constraints to determine its final value:
if upperBound < trendLine
trendLine := upperBound
if lowerBound > trendLine
trendLine := lowerBound
Signal generation occurs through directional comparison of the trend line against its previous value to establish bullish and bearish states:
trendUp = trendLine > trendLine
trendDown = trendLine < trendLine
if trendUp
isBullish := true
isBearish := false
else if trendDown
isBullish := false
isBearish := true
The final output colors the trend line green during bullish states and red during bearish states, creating visual buy/long and sell/short opportunity signals based on the combined RSI momentum and volatility-adjusted trend positioning.
🟢 Signal Interpretation
Rising Trend Line (Green): Indicates upward momentum where RSI influence and adaptive smoothing favor continued price advancement = Potential buy/long positions
Declining Trend Line (Red): Indicates downward momentum where RSI influence and adaptive smoothing favor continued price decline = Potential sell/short positions
Flattening Trend Lines: Occur when momentum weakens and the trend line slope approaches neutral, suggesting potential consolidation before the next move
Built-in Alert System: Automated notifications trigger when bullish or bearish states change, sending "RSI Trend Bullish Signal" or "RSI Trend Bearish Signal" messages for timely entry/exit
Color Bar Candles Option: Optional candle coloring feature that applies the same green/red trend colors to price bars, providing additional visual confirmation of the current trend direction
Sequential Pattern Strength [QuantAlgo]🟢 Overview
The Sequential Pattern Strength indicator measures the power and sustainability of consecutive price movements by tracking unbroken sequences of up or down closes. It incorporates sequence quality assessment, price extension analysis, and automatic exhaustion detection to help traders identify when strong trends are losing momentum and approaching potential reversal or continuation points.
🟢 How It Works
The indicator's key insight lies in its sequential pattern tracking system, where pattern strength is measured by analyzing consecutive price movements and their sustainability:
if close > close
upSequence := upSequence + 1
downSequence := 0
else if close < close
downSequence := downSequence + 1
upSequence := 0
The system calculates sequence quality by measuring how "perfect" the consecutive moves are:
perfectMoves = math.max(upSequence, downSequence)
totalMoves = math.abs(bar_index - ta.valuewhen(upSequence == 1 or downSequence == 1, bar_index, 0))
sequenceQuality = totalMoves > 0 ? perfectMoves / totalMoves : 1.0
First, it tracks price extension from the sequence starting point:
priceExtension = (close - sequenceStartPrice) / sequenceStartPrice * 100
Then, pattern exhaustion is identified when sequences become overextended:
isExhausted = math.abs(currentSequence) >= maxSequence or
math.abs(priceExtension) > resetThreshold * math.abs(currentSequence)
Finally, the pattern strength combines sequence length, quality, and price movement with momentum enhancement:
patternStrength = currentSequence * sequenceQuality * (1 + math.abs(priceExtension) / 10)
enhancedSignal = patternStrength + momentum * 10
signal = ta.ema(enhancedSignal, smooth)
This creates a sequence-based momentum indicator that combines consecutive movement analysis with pattern sustainability assessment, providing traders with both directional signals and exhaustion insights for entry/exit timing.
🟢 Signal Interpretation
Positive Values (Above Zero): Sequential pattern strength indicating bullish momentum with consecutive upward price movements and sustained buying pressure = Long/Buy opportunities
Negative Values (Below Zero): Sequential pattern strength indicating bearish momentum with consecutive downward price movements and sustained selling pressure = Short/Sell opportunities
Zero Line Crosses: Pattern transitions between bullish and bearish regimes, indicating potential trend changes or momentum shifts when sequences break
Upper Threshold Zone: Area above maximum sequence threshold (2x maxSequence) indicating extremely strong bullish patterns approaching exhaustion levels
Lower Threshold Zone: Area below negative threshold (-2x maxSequence) indicating extremely strong bearish patterns approaching exhaustion levels
Divergence & Volume ThrustThis document provides both user and technical information for the "Divergence & Volume Thrust" (DVT) Pine Script indicator.
Part 1: User Guide
1.1 Introduction
The DVT indicator is an advanced tool designed to automatically identify high-probability trading setups. It works by detecting divergences between price and key momentum oscillators (RSI and MACD).
A divergence is a powerful signal that a trend might be losing strength and a reversal is possible. To filter out weak signals, the DVT indicator includes a Volume Thrust component, which ensures that a divergence is backed by significant market interest before it alerts you.
🐂 Bullish Divergence: Price makes a new low, but the indicator makes a higher low. This suggests selling pressure is weakening.
🐻 Bearish Divergence: Price makes a new high, but the indicator makes a lower high. This suggests buying pressure is weakening.
1.2 Key Features on Your Chart
When you add the indicator to your chart, here's what you will see:
Divergence Lines:
Bullish Lines (Teal): A line will be drawn on your chart connecting two price lows that form a bullish divergence.
Bearish Lines (Red): A line will be drawn connecting two price highs that form a bearish divergence.
Solid lines represent RSI divergences, while dashed lines represent MACD divergences.
Confirmation Labels:
"Bull Div ▲" (Teal Label): This label appears below the candle when a bullish divergence is detected and confirmed by a recent volume spike. This is a high-probability buy signal.
"Bear Div ▼" (Red Label): This label appears above the candle when a bearish divergence is detected and confirmed by a recent volume spike. This is a high-probability sell signal.
Volume Spike Bars (Orange Background):
Any price candle with a faint orange background indicates that the volume during that period was unusually high (exceeding the average volume by a multiplier you can set).
1.3 Settings and Configuration
You can customize the indicator to fit your trading style. Here's what each setting does:
Divergence Pivot Lookback (Left/Right): Controls the sensitivity of swing point detection. Lower numbers find smaller, more frequent divergences. Higher numbers find larger, more significant ones. 5 is a good starting point.
Max Lookback Range for Divergence: How many bars back the script will look for the first part of a divergence pattern. Default is 60.
Indicator Settings (RSI & MACD):
You can toggle RSI and MACD divergences on or off.
Standard length settings for each indicator (e.g., RSI Length 14, MACD 12, 26, 9).
Volume Settings:
Use Volume Confirmation: The most important filter. When checked, labels will only appear if a volume spike occurs near the divergence.
Volume MA Length: The lookback period for calculating average volume.
Volume Spike Multiplier: The core of the "Thrust" filter. A value of 2.0 means volume must be 200% (or 2x) the average to be considered a spike.
Visuals: Customize colors and toggle the confirmation labels on or off.
1.4 Strategy & Best Practices
Confluence is Key: The DVT indicator is powerful, but it should not be used in isolation. Look for its signals at key support and resistance levels, trendlines, or major moving averages for the highest probability setups.
Wait for Confirmation: A confirmed signal (with a label) is much more reliable than an unconfirmed divergence line.
Context Matters: A bullish divergence in a strong downtrend might only lead to a small bounce, not a full reversal. Use the signals in the context of the overall market structure.
Set Alerts: Use the TradingView alert system with this script. Create alerts for "Confirmed Bullish Divergence" and "Confirmed Bearish Divergence" to be notified of setups automatically.
Market Cap Landscape 3DHello, traders and creators! 👋
Market Cap Landscape 3D. This project is more than just a typical technical analysis tool; it's an exploration into what's possible when code meets artistry on the financial charts. It's a demonstration of how we can transcend flat, two-dimensional lines and step into a vibrant, three-dimensional world of data.
This project continues a journey that began with a previous 3D experiment, the T-Virus Sentiment, which you can explore here:
The Market Cap Landscape 3D builds on that foundation, visualizing market data—particularly crypto market caps—as a dynamic 3D mountain range. The entire landscape is procedurally generated and rendered in real-time using the powerful drawing capabilities of polyline.new() and line.new() , pushed to their creative limits.
This work is intended as a guide and a design example for all developers, born from the spirit of learning and a deep love for understanding the Pine Script™ language.
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🧐 Core Concept: How It Works
The indicator synthesizes multiple layers of information into a single, cohesive 3D scene:
The Surface: The mountain range itself is a procedurally generated 3D mesh. Its peaks and valleys create a rich, textured landscape that serves as the canvas for our data.
Crypto Data Integration: The core feature is its ability to fetch market cap data for a list of cryptocurrencies you provide. It then sorts them in descending order and strategically places them onto the 3D surface.
The Summit: The highest point on the mountain is reserved for the asset with the #1 market cap in your list, visually represented by a flag and a custom emblem.
The Mountain Labels: The other assets are distributed across the mountainside, with their rank determining their general elevation. This creates an intuitive visual hierarchy.
The Leaderboard Pole: For clarity, a dedicated pole in the back-right corner provides a clean, ranked list of the symbols and their market caps, ensuring the data is always easy to read.
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🧐 Example of adjusting the view
To evoke the feeling of flying over mountains
To evoke the feeling of looking at a mountain peak on a low plain
🧐 Example of predefined colors
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🚀 How to Use
Getting started with the Market Cap Landscape 3D:
Add to Chart: Apply the "Market Cap Landscape 3D" indicator to your active chart.
Open Settings: Double-click anywhere on the 3D landscape or click the "Settings" icon next to the indicator's name.
Customize Your Crypto List: The most important setting is in the Crypto Data tab. In the "Symbols" text area, enter a comma-separated list of the crypto tickers you want to visualize (e.g., BTC,ETH,SOL,XRP ). The indicator supports up to 40 unique symbols.
> Important Note: This indicator exclusively uses TradingView's `CRYPTOCAP` data source. To find valid symbols, use the main symbol search bar on your chart. Type `CRYPTOCAP:` (including the colon) and you will see a list of available options. For example, typing `CRYPTOCAP:BTC` will confirm that `BTC` is a valid ticker for the indicator's settings. Using symbols that do not exist in the `CRYPTOCAP` index will result in a script error. or, to display other symbols, simply type CRYPTOCAP: (including the colon) and you will see a list of available options.
Adjust Your View: Use the settings in the Camera & Projection tab to rotate ( Yaw ), tilt ( Pitch ), and scale the landscape until you find a view you love.
Explore & Customize: Play with the color palettes, flag design, and other settings to make the landscape truly your own!
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⚙️ Settings & Customization
This indicator is highly customizable. Here’s a breakdown of what each setting does:
#### 🪙 Crypto Data
Symbols: Enter the crypto tickers you want to track, separated by commas. The script automatically handles duplicates and case-insensitivity.
Show Market Cap on Mountain: When checked, it displays the full market cap value next to the symbol on the mountain. When unchecked, it shows a cleaner look with just the symbol and a colored circle background.
#### 📷 Camera & Projection
Yaw (°): Rotates the camera view horizontally (side to side).
Pitch (°): Tilts the camera view vertically (up and down).
Scale X, Y, Z: Stretches or compresses the landscape in width, depth, and height, respectively. Fine-tune these to get the perfect perspective.
#### 🏞️ Grid / Surface
Grid X/Y resolution: Controls the detail level of the 3D mesh. Higher values create a smoother surface but may use more resources.
Fill surface strips: Toggles the beautiful color gradient on the surface.
Show wireframe lines: Toggles the visibility of the grid lines.
Show nodes (markers): Toggles the small dots at each grid intersection point.
#### 🏔️ Peaks / Mountains
Fill peaks volume: Draws vertical lines on high peaks, giving them a sense of volume.
Fill peaks surface: Draws a cross-hatch pattern on the surface of high peaks.
Peak height threshold: Defines the minimum height for a peak to receive the fill effect.
Peak fill color/density: Customizes the appearance of the fill lines.
#### 🚩 Flags (3D)
Show Flag on Summit: A master switch to show or hide the flag and emblem entirely.
Flag height, width, etc.: Provides full control over the dimensions and orientation of the flag on the highest peak.
#### 🎨 Color Palette
Base Gradient Palette: Choose from 13 stunning, pre-designed color themes for the landscape, from the classic SUNSET_WAVE to vibrant themes like NEON_DREAM and OCEANIC .
#### 🛡️ Emblem / Badge Controls
This section gives you granular control over every element of the custom emblem on the flag. Tweak rotation, offsets, and scale to design your unique logo.
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👨💻 Developer's Corner: Modifying the Core Logic
If you're a developer and wish to customize the indicator's core data source, this section is for you. The script is designed to be modular, making it easy to change what data is being ranked and visualized.
The heart of the data retrieval and ranking logic is within the f_getSortedCryptoData() function. Here’s how you can modify it:
1. Changing the Data Source (from Market Cap to something else):
The current logic uses request.security("CRYPTOCAP:" + syms.get(i), ...) to fetch market capitalization data. To change this, you need to modify this line.
Example: Ranking by RSI (14) on the Daily timeframe.
First, you'll need a function to calculate RSI. Add this function to the script:
f_getRSI(symbol, timeframe, length) =>
request.security(symbol, timeframe, ta.rsi(close, length))
Then, inside f_getSortedCryptoData() , find the `for` loop that populates the `caps` array and replace the `request.security` call:
// OLD LINE:
// caps.set(i, request.security("CRYPTOCAP:" + syms.get(i), timeframe.period, close))
// NEW LINE for RSI:
// Note: You'll need to decide how to format the symbol name (e.g., "BINANCE:" + syms.get(i) + "USDT")
caps.set(i, f_getRSI("BINANCE:" + syms.get(i) + "USDT", "D", 14))
2. Changing the Data Formatting:
The ranking values are formatted for display using the f_fmtCap() function, which currently formats large numbers into "M" (millions), "B" (billions), etc.
If you change the data source to something like RSI, you'll want to change the formatting. You can modify f_fmtCap() or create a new formatting function.
Example: Formatting for RSI.
// Modify f_fmtCap or create f_fmtRSI
f_fmtRSI(float v) =>
str.tostring(v, "#.##") // Simply format to two decimal places
Remember to update the calls to this function in the main drawing loop where the labels are created (e.g., str.format("{0}: {1}", crypto.symbol, f_fmtCap(crypto.cap)) ).
By modifying these key functions ( f_getSortedCryptoData and f_fmtCap ), you can adapt the Market Cap Landscape 3D to visualize and rank almost any dataset you can imagine, from technical indicators to fundamental data.
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We hope you enjoy using the Market Cap Landscape 3D as much as we enjoyed creating it. Happy charting! ✨
Price Acceleration Matrix [QuantAlgo]🟢 Overview
The Price Acceleration Matrix indicator is an advanced momentum analysis tool that measures the rate of change in price velocity across multiple timeframes simultaneously. It transforms raw price data into velocity measurements for each timeframe, then calculates the acceleration of these velocities to identify when momentum is building or deteriorating. By analyzing acceleration alignment across all three timeframes, the system can distinguish between strong directional moves (all timeframes accelerating in the same direction) and weak, choppy movements (mixed acceleration signals). This multi-timeframe acceleration matrix provides traders with early warning signals for momentum shifts, trend continuation and reversal opportunities across different timeframes and asset classes.
🟢 How It Works
The indicator employs a three-stage calculation process that transforms price data into actionable acceleration signals. First, it calculates velocity (rate of price change) for each of the three user-defined timeframes by measuring the percentage change in price over the specified lookback periods. These velocity calculations are normalized by their respective timeframe lengths to ensure fair comparison across different periods.
In the second stage, the system calculates acceleration by measuring the change in velocity from one bar to the next for each timeframe, effectively capturing the second derivative of price movement. This acceleration data reveals whether momentum is building (positive acceleration) or deteriorating (negative acceleration) at each timeframe level.
The final stage creates the acceleration matrix score by evaluating alignment across all three timeframes. When all timeframes show positive acceleration, the system averages them for maximum bullish signal strength. When all show negative acceleration, it averages them for maximum bearish signal strength. However, when acceleration signals are mixed across timeframes, the system applies a penalty by dividing the average by two, indicating consolidation or conflicting momentum forces. The resulting signal is then smoothed using an Exponential Moving Average and scaled to the -3 to +3 range using a user-defined threshold parameter.
🟢 How to Use
1. Signal Interpretation and Momentum Analysis
Positive Territory (Above Zero): Indicates accelerating upward momentum with bullish bias and favorable conditions for long positions
Negative Territory (Below Zero): Signals accelerating downward momentum with bearish bias and favorable conditions for short positions
Extreme Levels (±2 to ±3): Represent maximum acceleration alignment across all timeframes, indicating high-probability momentum continuation
Moderate Levels (±1 to ±2): Suggest building momentum with good timeframe alignment but less conviction than extreme readings
Near Zero (-0.5 to +0.5): Indicates mixed signals, consolidation, or momentum exhaustion requiring caution
2. Overbought/Oversold Zone Analysis
Above +2 (Overbought Zone): Markets showing extreme bullish acceleration may be due for profit-taking or short-term pullbacks
Below -2 (Oversold Zone): Markets showing extreme bearish acceleration may present reversal opportunities or bounce potential
Zone Exits: When acceleration retreats from extreme zones, it often signals momentum exhaustion and potential trend changes
🟢 Pro Tips for Trading
→ Early Momentum Detection: Watch for acceleration crossing above zero after periods of negative readings, as this often precedes major price movements by several bars, providing early entry opportunities before traditional indicators signal.
→ Momentum Exhaustion Signals: Exit or take profits when acceleration reaches extreme levels (±2.5 or higher) and begins to decline, even if price continues in the same direction, as momentum deterioration typically precedes price reversals.
→ Acceleration Divergence Strategy: Look for divergences between price highs/lows and acceleration peaks/troughs, as these often signal weakening momentum and potential reversal opportunities before they become apparent on price charts.
→ Threshold Optimization: Adjust the acceleration threshold based on asset volatility - higher thresholds (0.7-1.0) for volatile assets to reduce false signals, lower thresholds (0.3-0.5) for stable assets to maintain sensitivity.
→ Alert-Based Trading: Utilize the built-in alert system for bullish/bearish reversals (±2 level crosses) and trend changes (zero line crosses) to capture momentum shifts without constant chart monitoring, especially effective for swing trading approaches.
→ Risk Management Integration: Reduce position sizes when acceleration readings are weak (below ±1.0) and increase allocation when strong acceleration alignment occurs (above ±2.0), as signal strength correlates directly with probability of successful trades.
Markov Chain [3D] | FractalystWhat exactly is a Markov Chain?
This indicator uses a Markov Chain model to analyze, quantify, and visualize the transitions between market regimes (Bull, Bear, Neutral) on your chart. It dynamically detects these regimes in real-time, calculates transition probabilities, and displays them as animated 3D spheres and arrows, giving traders intuitive insight into current and future market conditions.
How does a Markov Chain work, and how should I read this spheres-and-arrows diagram?
Think of three weather modes: Sunny, Rainy, Cloudy.
Each sphere is one mode. The loop on a sphere means “stay the same next step” (e.g., Sunny again tomorrow).
The arrows leaving a sphere show where things usually go next if they change (e.g., Sunny moving to Cloudy).
Some paths matter more than others. A more prominent loop means the current mode tends to persist. A more prominent outgoing arrow means a change to that destination is the usual next step.
Direction isn’t symmetric: moving Sunny→Cloudy can behave differently than Cloudy→Sunny.
Now relabel the spheres to markets: Bull, Bear, Neutral.
Spheres: market regimes (uptrend, downtrend, range).
Self‑loop: tendency for the current regime to continue on the next bar.
Arrows: the most common next regime if a switch happens.
How to read: Start at the sphere that matches current bar state. If the loop stands out, expect continuation. If one outgoing path stands out, that switch is the typical next step. Opposite directions can differ (Bear→Neutral doesn’t have to match Neutral→Bear).
What states and transitions are shown?
The three market states visualized are:
Bullish (Bull): Upward or strong-market regime.
Bearish (Bear): Downward or weak-market regime.
Neutral: Sideways or range-bound regime.
Bidirectional animated arrows and probability labels show how likely the market is to move from one regime to another (e.g., Bull → Bear or Neutral → Bull).
How does the regime detection system work?
You can use either built-in price returns (based on adaptive Z-score normalization) or supply three custom indicators (such as volume, oscillators, etc.).
Values are statistically normalized (Z-scored) over a configurable lookback period.
The normalized outputs are classified into Bull, Bear, or Neutral zones.
If using three indicators, their regime signals are averaged and smoothed for robustness.
How are transition probabilities calculated?
On every confirmed bar, the algorithm tracks the sequence of detected market states, then builds a rolling window of transitions.
The code maintains a transition count matrix for all regime pairs (e.g., Bull → Bear).
Transition probabilities are extracted for each possible state change using Laplace smoothing for numerical stability, and frequently updated in real-time.
What is unique about the visualization?
3D animated spheres represent each regime and change visually when active.
Animated, bidirectional arrows reveal transition probabilities and allow you to see both dominant and less likely regime flows.
Particles (moving dots) animate along the arrows, enhancing the perception of regime flow direction and speed.
All elements dynamically update with each new price bar, providing a live market map in an intuitive, engaging format.
Can I use custom indicators for regime classification?
Yes! Enable the "Custom Indicators" switch and select any three chart series as inputs. These will be normalized and combined (each with equal weight), broadening the regime classification beyond just price-based movement.
What does the “Lookback Period” control?
Lookback Period (default: 100) sets how much historical data builds the probability matrix. Shorter periods adapt faster to regime changes but may be noisier. Longer periods are more stable but slower to adapt.
How is this different from a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)?
It sets the window for both regime detection and probability calculations. Lower values make the system more reactive, but potentially noisier. Higher values smooth estimates and make the system more robust.
How is this Markov Chain different from a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)?
Markov Chain (as here): All market regimes (Bull, Bear, Neutral) are directly observable on the chart. The transition matrix is built from actual detected regimes, keeping the model simple and interpretable.
Hidden Markov Model: The actual regimes are unobservable ("hidden") and must be inferred from market output or indicator "emissions" using statistical learning algorithms. HMMs are more complex, can capture more subtle structure, but are harder to visualize and require additional machine learning steps for training.
A standard Markov Chain models transitions between observable states using a simple transition matrix, while a Hidden Markov Model assumes the true states are hidden (latent) and must be inferred from observable “emissions” like price or volume data. In practical terms, a Markov Chain is transparent and easier to implement and interpret; an HMM is more expressive but requires statistical inference to estimate hidden states from data.
Markov Chain: states are observable; you directly count or estimate transition probabilities between visible states. This makes it simpler, faster, and easier to validate and tune.
HMM: states are hidden; you only observe emissions generated by those latent states. Learning involves machine learning/statistical algorithms (commonly Baum–Welch/EM for training and Viterbi for decoding) to infer both the transition dynamics and the most likely hidden state sequence from data.
How does the indicator avoid “repainting” or look-ahead bias?
All regime changes and matrix updates happen only on confirmed (closed) bars, so no future data is leaked, ensuring reliable real-time operation.
Are there practical tuning tips?
Tune the Lookback Period for your asset/timeframe: shorter for fast markets, longer for stability.
Use custom indicators if your asset has unique regime drivers.
Watch for rapid changes in transition probabilities as early warning of a possible regime shift.
Who is this indicator for?
Quants and quantitative researchers exploring probabilistic market modeling, especially those interested in regime-switching dynamics and Markov models.
Programmers and system developers who need a probabilistic regime filter for systematic and algorithmic backtesting:
The Markov Chain indicator is ideally suited for programmatic integration via its bias output (1 = Bull, 0 = Neutral, -1 = Bear).
Although the visualization is engaging, the core output is designed for automated, rules-based workflows—not for discretionary/manual trading decisions.
Developers can connect the indicator’s output directly to their Pine Script logic (using input.source()), allowing rapid and robust backtesting of regime-based strategies.
It acts as a plug-and-play regime filter: simply plug the bias output into your entry/exit logic, and you have a scientifically robust, probabilistically-derived signal for filtering, timing, position sizing, or risk regimes.
The MC's output is intentionally "trinary" (1/0/-1), focusing on clear regime states for unambiguous decision-making in code. If you require nuanced, multi-probability or soft-label state vectors, consider expanding the indicator or stacking it with a probability-weighted logic layer in your scripting.
Because it avoids subjectivity, this approach is optimal for systematic quants, algo developers building backtested, repeatable strategies based on probabilistic regime analysis.
What's the mathematical foundation behind this?
The mathematical foundation behind this Markov Chain indicator—and probabilistic regime detection in finance—draws from two principal models: the (standard) Markov Chain and the Hidden Markov Model (HMM).
How to use this indicator programmatically?
The Markov Chain indicator automatically exports a bias value (+1 for Bullish, -1 for Bearish, 0 for Neutral) as a plot visible in the Data Window. This allows you to integrate its regime signal into your own scripts and strategies for backtesting, automation, or live trading.
Step-by-Step Integration with Pine Script (input.source)
Add the Markov Chain indicator to your chart.
This must be done first, since your custom script will "pull" the bias signal from the indicator's plot.
In your strategy, create an input using input.source()
Example:
//@version=5
strategy("MC Bias Strategy Example")
mcBias = input.source(close, "MC Bias Source")
After saving, go to your script’s settings. For the “MC Bias Source” input, select the plot/output of the Markov Chain indicator (typically its bias plot).
Use the bias in your trading logic
Example (long only on Bull, flat otherwise):
if mcBias == 1
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
else
strategy.close("Long")
For more advanced workflows, combine mcBias with additional filters or trailing stops.
How does this work behind-the-scenes?
TradingView’s input.source() lets you use any plot from another indicator as a real-time, “live” data feed in your own script (source).
The selected bias signal is available to your Pine code as a variable, enabling logical decisions based on regime (trend-following, mean-reversion, etc.).
This enables powerful strategy modularity : decouple regime detection from entry/exit logic, allowing fast experimentation without rewriting core signal code.
Integrating 45+ Indicators with Your Markov Chain — How & Why
The Enhanced Custom Indicators Export script exports a massive suite of over 45 technical indicators—ranging from classic momentum (RSI, MACD, Stochastic, etc.) to trend, volume, volatility, and oscillator tools—all pre-calculated, centered/scaled, and available as plots.
// Enhanced Custom Indicators Export - 45 Technical Indicators
// Comprehensive technical analysis suite for advanced market regime detection
//@version=6
indicator('Enhanced Custom Indicators Export | Fractalyst', shorttitle='Enhanced CI Export', overlay=false, scale=scale.right, max_labels_count=500, max_lines_count=500)
// |----- Input Parameters -----| //
momentum_group = "Momentum Indicators"
trend_group = "Trend Indicators"
volume_group = "Volume Indicators"
volatility_group = "Volatility Indicators"
oscillator_group = "Oscillator Indicators"
display_group = "Display Settings"
// Common lengths
length_14 = input.int(14, "Standard Length (14)", minval=1, maxval=100, group=momentum_group)
length_20 = input.int(20, "Medium Length (20)", minval=1, maxval=200, group=trend_group)
length_50 = input.int(50, "Long Length (50)", minval=1, maxval=200, group=trend_group)
// Display options
show_table = input.bool(true, "Show Values Table", group=display_group)
table_size = input.string("Small", "Table Size", options= , group=display_group)
// |----- MOMENTUM INDICATORS (15 indicators) -----| //
// 1. RSI (Relative Strength Index)
rsi_14 = ta.rsi(close, length_14)
rsi_centered = rsi_14 - 50
// 2. Stochastic Oscillator
stoch_k = ta.stoch(close, high, low, length_14)
stoch_d = ta.sma(stoch_k, 3)
stoch_centered = stoch_k - 50
// 3. Williams %R
williams_r = ta.stoch(close, high, low, length_14) - 100
// 4. MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)
= ta.macd(close, 12, 26, 9)
// 5. Momentum (Rate of Change)
momentum = ta.mom(close, length_14)
momentum_pct = (momentum / close ) * 100
// 6. Rate of Change (ROC)
roc = ta.roc(close, length_14)
// 7. Commodity Channel Index (CCI)
cci = ta.cci(close, length_20)
// 8. Money Flow Index (MFI)
mfi = ta.mfi(close, length_14)
mfi_centered = mfi - 50
// 9. Awesome Oscillator (AO)
ao = ta.sma(hl2, 5) - ta.sma(hl2, 34)
// 10. Accelerator Oscillator (AC)
ac = ao - ta.sma(ao, 5)
// 11. Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO)
cmo = ta.cmo(close, length_14)
// 12. Detrended Price Oscillator (DPO)
dpo = close - ta.sma(close, length_20)
// 13. Price Oscillator (PPO)
ppo = ta.sma(close, 12) - ta.sma(close, 26)
ppo_pct = (ppo / ta.sma(close, 26)) * 100
// 14. TRIX
trix_ema1 = ta.ema(close, length_14)
trix_ema2 = ta.ema(trix_ema1, length_14)
trix_ema3 = ta.ema(trix_ema2, length_14)
trix = ta.roc(trix_ema3, 1) * 10000
// 15. Klinger Oscillator
klinger = ta.ema(volume * (high + low + close) / 3, 34) - ta.ema(volume * (high + low + close) / 3, 55)
// 16. Fisher Transform
fisher_hl2 = 0.5 * (hl2 - ta.lowest(hl2, 10)) / (ta.highest(hl2, 10) - ta.lowest(hl2, 10)) - 0.25
fisher = 0.5 * math.log((1 + fisher_hl2) / (1 - fisher_hl2))
// 17. Stochastic RSI
stoch_rsi = ta.stoch(rsi_14, rsi_14, rsi_14, length_14)
stoch_rsi_centered = stoch_rsi - 50
// 18. Relative Vigor Index (RVI)
rvi_num = ta.swma(close - open)
rvi_den = ta.swma(high - low)
rvi = rvi_den != 0 ? rvi_num / rvi_den : 0
// 19. Balance of Power (BOP)
bop = (close - open) / (high - low)
// |----- TREND INDICATORS (10 indicators) -----| //
// 20. Simple Moving Average Momentum
sma_20 = ta.sma(close, length_20)
sma_momentum = ((close - sma_20) / sma_20) * 100
// 21. Exponential Moving Average Momentum
ema_20 = ta.ema(close, length_20)
ema_momentum = ((close - ema_20) / ema_20) * 100
// 22. Parabolic SAR
sar = ta.sar(0.02, 0.02, 0.2)
sar_trend = close > sar ? 1 : -1
// 23. Linear Regression Slope
lr_slope = ta.linreg(close, length_20, 0) - ta.linreg(close, length_20, 1)
// 24. Moving Average Convergence (MAC)
mac = ta.sma(close, 10) - ta.sma(close, 30)
// 25. Trend Intensity Index (TII)
tii_sum = 0.0
for i = 1 to length_20
tii_sum += close > close ? 1 : 0
tii = (tii_sum / length_20) * 100
// 26. Ichimoku Cloud Components
ichimoku_tenkan = (ta.highest(high, 9) + ta.lowest(low, 9)) / 2
ichimoku_kijun = (ta.highest(high, 26) + ta.lowest(low, 26)) / 2
ichimoku_signal = ichimoku_tenkan > ichimoku_kijun ? 1 : -1
// 27. MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA)
mama_alpha = 2.0 / (length_20 + 1)
mama = ta.ema(close, length_20)
mama_momentum = ((close - mama) / mama) * 100
// 28. Zero Lag Exponential Moving Average (ZLEMA)
zlema_lag = math.round((length_20 - 1) / 2)
zlema_data = close + (close - close )
zlema = ta.ema(zlema_data, length_20)
zlema_momentum = ((close - zlema) / zlema) * 100
// |----- VOLUME INDICATORS (6 indicators) -----| //
// 29. On-Balance Volume (OBV)
obv = ta.obv
// 30. Volume Rate of Change (VROC)
vroc = ta.roc(volume, length_14)
// 31. Price Volume Trend (PVT)
pvt = ta.pvt
// 32. Negative Volume Index (NVI)
nvi = 0.0
nvi := volume < volume ? nvi + ((close - close ) / close ) * nvi : nvi
// 33. Positive Volume Index (PVI)
pvi = 0.0
pvi := volume > volume ? pvi + ((close - close ) / close ) * pvi : pvi
// 34. Volume Oscillator
vol_osc = ta.sma(volume, 5) - ta.sma(volume, 10)
// 35. Ease of Movement (EOM)
eom_distance = high - low
eom_box_height = volume / 1000000
eom = eom_box_height != 0 ? eom_distance / eom_box_height : 0
eom_sma = ta.sma(eom, length_14)
// 36. Force Index
force_index = volume * (close - close )
force_index_sma = ta.sma(force_index, length_14)
// |----- VOLATILITY INDICATORS (10 indicators) -----| //
// 37. Average True Range (ATR)
atr = ta.atr(length_14)
atr_pct = (atr / close) * 100
// 38. Bollinger Bands Position
bb_basis = ta.sma(close, length_20)
bb_dev = 2.0 * ta.stdev(close, length_20)
bb_upper = bb_basis + bb_dev
bb_lower = bb_basis - bb_dev
bb_position = bb_dev != 0 ? (close - bb_basis) / bb_dev : 0
bb_width = bb_dev != 0 ? (bb_upper - bb_lower) / bb_basis * 100 : 0
// 39. Keltner Channels Position
kc_basis = ta.ema(close, length_20)
kc_range = ta.ema(ta.tr, length_20)
kc_upper = kc_basis + (2.0 * kc_range)
kc_lower = kc_basis - (2.0 * kc_range)
kc_position = kc_range != 0 ? (close - kc_basis) / kc_range : 0
// 40. Donchian Channels Position
dc_upper = ta.highest(high, length_20)
dc_lower = ta.lowest(low, length_20)
dc_basis = (dc_upper + dc_lower) / 2
dc_position = (dc_upper - dc_lower) != 0 ? (close - dc_basis) / (dc_upper - dc_lower) : 0
// 41. Standard Deviation
std_dev = ta.stdev(close, length_20)
std_dev_pct = (std_dev / close) * 100
// 42. Relative Volatility Index (RVI)
rvi_up = ta.stdev(close > close ? close : 0, length_14)
rvi_down = ta.stdev(close < close ? close : 0, length_14)
rvi_total = rvi_up + rvi_down
rvi_volatility = rvi_total != 0 ? (rvi_up / rvi_total) * 100 : 50
// 43. Historical Volatility
hv_returns = math.log(close / close )
hv = ta.stdev(hv_returns, length_20) * math.sqrt(252) * 100
// 44. Garman-Klass Volatility
gk_vol = math.log(high/low) * math.log(high/low) - (2*math.log(2)-1) * math.log(close/open) * math.log(close/open)
gk_volatility = math.sqrt(ta.sma(gk_vol, length_20)) * 100
// 45. Parkinson Volatility
park_vol = math.log(high/low) * math.log(high/low)
parkinson = math.sqrt(ta.sma(park_vol, length_20) / (4 * math.log(2))) * 100
// 46. Rogers-Satchell Volatility
rs_vol = math.log(high/close) * math.log(high/open) + math.log(low/close) * math.log(low/open)
rogers_satchell = math.sqrt(ta.sma(rs_vol, length_20)) * 100
// |----- OSCILLATOR INDICATORS (5 indicators) -----| //
// 47. Elder Ray Index
elder_bull = high - ta.ema(close, 13)
elder_bear = low - ta.ema(close, 13)
elder_power = elder_bull + elder_bear
// 48. Schaff Trend Cycle (STC)
stc_macd = ta.ema(close, 23) - ta.ema(close, 50)
stc_k = ta.stoch(stc_macd, stc_macd, stc_macd, 10)
stc_d = ta.ema(stc_k, 3)
stc = ta.stoch(stc_d, stc_d, stc_d, 10)
// 49. Coppock Curve
coppock_roc1 = ta.roc(close, 14)
coppock_roc2 = ta.roc(close, 11)
coppock = ta.wma(coppock_roc1 + coppock_roc2, 10)
// 50. Know Sure Thing (KST)
kst_roc1 = ta.roc(close, 10)
kst_roc2 = ta.roc(close, 15)
kst_roc3 = ta.roc(close, 20)
kst_roc4 = ta.roc(close, 30)
kst = ta.sma(kst_roc1, 10) + 2*ta.sma(kst_roc2, 10) + 3*ta.sma(kst_roc3, 10) + 4*ta.sma(kst_roc4, 15)
// 51. Percentage Price Oscillator (PPO)
ppo_line = ((ta.ema(close, 12) - ta.ema(close, 26)) / ta.ema(close, 26)) * 100
ppo_signal = ta.ema(ppo_line, 9)
ppo_histogram = ppo_line - ppo_signal
// |----- PLOT MAIN INDICATORS -----| //
// Plot key momentum indicators
plot(rsi_centered, title="01_RSI_Centered", color=color.purple, linewidth=1)
plot(stoch_centered, title="02_Stoch_Centered", color=color.blue, linewidth=1)
plot(williams_r, title="03_Williams_R", color=color.red, linewidth=1)
plot(macd_histogram, title="04_MACD_Histogram", color=color.orange, linewidth=1)
plot(cci, title="05_CCI", color=color.green, linewidth=1)
// Plot trend indicators
plot(sma_momentum, title="06_SMA_Momentum", color=color.navy, linewidth=1)
plot(ema_momentum, title="07_EMA_Momentum", color=color.maroon, linewidth=1)
plot(sar_trend, title="08_SAR_Trend", color=color.teal, linewidth=1)
plot(lr_slope, title="09_LR_Slope", color=color.lime, linewidth=1)
plot(mac, title="10_MAC", color=color.fuchsia, linewidth=1)
// Plot volatility indicators
plot(atr_pct, title="11_ATR_Pct", color=color.yellow, linewidth=1)
plot(bb_position, title="12_BB_Position", color=color.aqua, linewidth=1)
plot(kc_position, title="13_KC_Position", color=color.olive, linewidth=1)
plot(std_dev_pct, title="14_StdDev_Pct", color=color.silver, linewidth=1)
plot(bb_width, title="15_BB_Width", color=color.gray, linewidth=1)
// Plot volume indicators
plot(vroc, title="16_VROC", color=color.blue, linewidth=1)
plot(eom_sma, title="17_EOM", color=color.red, linewidth=1)
plot(vol_osc, title="18_Vol_Osc", color=color.green, linewidth=1)
plot(force_index_sma, title="19_Force_Index", color=color.orange, linewidth=1)
plot(obv, title="20_OBV", color=color.purple, linewidth=1)
// Plot additional oscillators
plot(ao, title="21_Awesome_Osc", color=color.navy, linewidth=1)
plot(cmo, title="22_CMO", color=color.maroon, linewidth=1)
plot(dpo, title="23_DPO", color=color.teal, linewidth=1)
plot(trix, title="24_TRIX", color=color.lime, linewidth=1)
plot(fisher, title="25_Fisher", color=color.fuchsia, linewidth=1)
// Plot more momentum indicators
plot(mfi_centered, title="26_MFI_Centered", color=color.yellow, linewidth=1)
plot(ac, title="27_AC", color=color.aqua, linewidth=1)
plot(ppo_pct, title="28_PPO_Pct", color=color.olive, linewidth=1)
plot(stoch_rsi_centered, title="29_StochRSI_Centered", color=color.silver, linewidth=1)
plot(klinger, title="30_Klinger", color=color.gray, linewidth=1)
// Plot trend continuation
plot(tii, title="31_TII", color=color.blue, linewidth=1)
plot(ichimoku_signal, title="32_Ichimoku_Signal", color=color.red, linewidth=1)
plot(mama_momentum, title="33_MAMA_Momentum", color=color.green, linewidth=1)
plot(zlema_momentum, title="34_ZLEMA_Momentum", color=color.orange, linewidth=1)
plot(bop, title="35_BOP", color=color.purple, linewidth=1)
// Plot volume continuation
plot(nvi, title="36_NVI", color=color.navy, linewidth=1)
plot(pvi, title="37_PVI", color=color.maroon, linewidth=1)
plot(momentum_pct, title="38_Momentum_Pct", color=color.teal, linewidth=1)
plot(roc, title="39_ROC", color=color.lime, linewidth=1)
plot(rvi, title="40_RVI", color=color.fuchsia, linewidth=1)
// Plot volatility continuation
plot(dc_position, title="41_DC_Position", color=color.yellow, linewidth=1)
plot(rvi_volatility, title="42_RVI_Volatility", color=color.aqua, linewidth=1)
plot(hv, title="43_Historical_Vol", color=color.olive, linewidth=1)
plot(gk_volatility, title="44_GK_Volatility", color=color.silver, linewidth=1)
plot(parkinson, title="45_Parkinson_Vol", color=color.gray, linewidth=1)
// Plot final oscillators
plot(rogers_satchell, title="46_RS_Volatility", color=color.blue, linewidth=1)
plot(elder_power, title="47_Elder_Power", color=color.red, linewidth=1)
plot(stc, title="48_STC", color=color.green, linewidth=1)
plot(coppock, title="49_Coppock", color=color.orange, linewidth=1)
plot(kst, title="50_KST", color=color.purple, linewidth=1)
// Plot final indicators
plot(ppo_histogram, title="51_PPO_Histogram", color=color.navy, linewidth=1)
plot(pvt, title="52_PVT", color=color.maroon, linewidth=1)
// |----- Reference Lines -----| //
hline(0, "Zero Line", color=color.gray, linestyle=hline.style_dashed, linewidth=1)
hline(50, "Midline", color=color.gray, linestyle=hline.style_dotted, linewidth=1)
hline(-50, "Lower Midline", color=color.gray, linestyle=hline.style_dotted, linewidth=1)
hline(25, "Upper Threshold", color=color.gray, linestyle=hline.style_dotted, linewidth=1)
hline(-25, "Lower Threshold", color=color.gray, linestyle=hline.style_dotted, linewidth=1)
// |----- Enhanced Information Table -----| //
if show_table and barstate.islast
table_position = position.top_right
table_text_size = table_size == "Tiny" ? size.tiny : table_size == "Small" ? size.small : size.normal
var table info_table = table.new(table_position, 3, 18, bgcolor=color.new(color.white, 85), border_width=1, border_color=color.gray)
// Headers
table.cell(info_table, 0, 0, 'Category', text_color=color.black, text_size=table_text_size, bgcolor=color.new(color.blue, 70))
table.cell(info_table, 1, 0, 'Indicator', text_color=color.black, text_size=table_text_size, bgcolor=color.new(color.blue, 70))
table.cell(info_table, 2, 0, 'Value', text_color=color.black, text_size=table_text_size, bgcolor=color.new(color.blue, 70))
// Key Momentum Indicators
table.cell(info_table, 0, 1, 'MOMENTUM', text_color=color.purple, text_size=table_text_size, bgcolor=color.new(color.purple, 90))
table.cell(info_table, 1, 1, 'RSI Centered', text_color=color.purple, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 1, str.tostring(rsi_centered, '0.00'), text_color=color.purple, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 2, '', text_color=color.blue, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 2, 'Stoch Centered', text_color=color.blue, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 2, str.tostring(stoch_centered, '0.00'), text_color=color.blue, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 3, '', text_color=color.red, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 3, 'Williams %R', text_color=color.red, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 3, str.tostring(williams_r, '0.00'), text_color=color.red, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 4, '', text_color=color.orange, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 4, 'MACD Histogram', text_color=color.orange, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 4, str.tostring(macd_histogram, '0.000'), text_color=color.orange, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 5, '', text_color=color.green, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 5, 'CCI', text_color=color.green, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 5, str.tostring(cci, '0.00'), text_color=color.green, text_size=table_text_size)
// Key Trend Indicators
table.cell(info_table, 0, 6, 'TREND', text_color=color.navy, text_size=table_text_size, bgcolor=color.new(color.navy, 90))
table.cell(info_table, 1, 6, 'SMA Momentum %', text_color=color.navy, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 6, str.tostring(sma_momentum, '0.00'), text_color=color.navy, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 7, '', text_color=color.maroon, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 7, 'EMA Momentum %', text_color=color.maroon, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 7, str.tostring(ema_momentum, '0.00'), text_color=color.maroon, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 8, '', text_color=color.teal, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 8, 'SAR Trend', text_color=color.teal, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 8, str.tostring(sar_trend, '0'), text_color=color.teal, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 9, '', text_color=color.lime, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 9, 'Linear Regression', text_color=color.lime, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 9, str.tostring(lr_slope, '0.000'), text_color=color.lime, text_size=table_text_size)
// Key Volatility Indicators
table.cell(info_table, 0, 10, 'VOLATILITY', text_color=color.yellow, text_size=table_text_size, bgcolor=color.new(color.yellow, 90))
table.cell(info_table, 1, 10, 'ATR %', text_color=color.yellow, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 10, str.tostring(atr_pct, '0.00'), text_color=color.yellow, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 11, '', text_color=color.aqua, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 11, 'BB Position', text_color=color.aqua, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 11, str.tostring(bb_position, '0.00'), text_color=color.aqua, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 12, '', text_color=color.olive, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 12, 'KC Position', text_color=color.olive, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 12, str.tostring(kc_position, '0.00'), text_color=color.olive, text_size=table_text_size)
// Key Volume Indicators
table.cell(info_table, 0, 13, 'VOLUME', text_color=color.blue, text_size=table_text_size, bgcolor=color.new(color.blue, 90))
table.cell(info_table, 1, 13, 'Volume ROC', text_color=color.blue, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 13, str.tostring(vroc, '0.00'), text_color=color.blue, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 14, '', text_color=color.red, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 14, 'EOM', text_color=color.red, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 14, str.tostring(eom_sma, '0.000'), text_color=color.red, text_size=table_text_size)
// Key Oscillators
table.cell(info_table, 0, 15, 'OSCILLATORS', text_color=color.purple, text_size=table_text_size, bgcolor=color.new(color.purple, 90))
table.cell(info_table, 1, 15, 'Awesome Osc', text_color=color.blue, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 15, str.tostring(ao, '0.000'), text_color=color.blue, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 0, 16, '', text_color=color.red, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 1, 16, 'Fisher Transform', text_color=color.red, text_size=table_text_size)
table.cell(info_table, 2, 16, str.tostring(fisher, '0.000'), text_color=color.red, text_size=table_text_size)
// Summary Statistics
table.cell(info_table, 0, 17, 'SUMMARY', text_color=color.black, text_size=table_text_size, bgcolor=color.new(color.gray, 70))
table.cell(info_table, 1, 17, 'Total Indicators: 52', text_color=color.black, text_size=table_text_size)
regime_color = rsi_centered > 10 ? color.green : rsi_centered < -10 ? color.red : color.gray
regime_text = rsi_centered > 10 ? "BULLISH" : rsi_centered < -10 ? "BEARISH" : "NEUTRAL"
table.cell(info_table, 2, 17, regime_text, text_color=regime_color, text_size=table_text_size)
This makes it the perfect “indicator backbone” for quantitative and systematic traders who want to prototype, combine, and test new regime detection models—especially in combination with the Markov Chain indicator.
How to use this script with the Markov Chain for research and backtesting:
Add the Enhanced Indicator Export to your chart.
Every calculated indicator is available as an individual data stream.
Connect the indicator(s) you want as custom input(s) to the Markov Chain’s “Custom Indicators” option.
In the Markov Chain indicator’s settings, turn ON the custom indicator mode.
For each of the three custom indicator inputs, select the exported plot from the Enhanced Export script—the menu lists all 45+ signals by name.
This creates a powerful, modular regime-detection engine where you can mix-and-match momentum, trend, volume, or custom combinations for advanced filtering.
Backtest regime logic directly.
Once you’ve connected your chosen indicators, the Markov Chain script performs regime detection (Bull/Neutral/Bear) based on your selected features—not just price returns.
The regime detection is robust, automatically normalized (using Z-score), and outputs bias (1, -1, 0) for plug-and-play integration.
Export the regime bias for programmatic use.
As described above, use input.source() in your Pine Script strategy or system and link the bias output.
You can now filter signals, control trade direction/size, or design pairs-trading that respect true, indicator-driven market regimes.
With this framework, you’re not limited to static or simplistic regime filters. You can rigorously define, test, and refine what “market regime” means for your strategies—using the technical features that matter most to you.
Optimize your signal generation by backtesting across a universe of meaningful indicator blends.
Enhance risk management with objective, real-time regime boundaries.
Accelerate your research: iterate quickly, swap indicator components, and see results with minimal code changes.
Automate multi-asset or pairs-trading by integrating regime context directly into strategy logic.
Add both scripts to your chart, connect your preferred features, and start investigating your best regime-based trades—entirely within the TradingView ecosystem.
References & Further Reading
Ang, A., & Bekaert, G. (2002). “Regime Switches in Interest Rates.” Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(2), 163–182.
Hamilton, J. D. (1989). “A New Approach to the Economic Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series and the Business Cycle.” Econometrica, 57(2), 357–384.
Markov, A. A. (1906). "Extension of the Limit Theorems of Probability Theory to a Sum of Variables Connected in a Chain." The Notes of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg.
Guidolin, M., & Timmermann, A. (2007). “Asset Allocation under Multivariate Regime Switching.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 31(11), 3503–3544.
Murphy, J. J. (1999). Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets. New York Institute of Finance.
Brock, W., Lakonishok, J., & LeBaron, B. (1992). “Simple Technical Trading Rules and the Stochastic Properties of Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 47(5), 1731–1764.
Zucchini, W., MacDonald, I. L., & Langrock, R. (2017). Hidden Markov Models for Time Series: An Introduction Using R (2nd ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
On Quantitative Finance and Markov Models:
Lo, A. W., & Hasanhodzic, J. (2009). The Heretics of Finance: Conversations with Leading Practitioners of Technical Analysis. Bloomberg Press.
Patterson, S. (2016). The Man Who Solved the Market: How Jim Simons Launched the Quant Revolution. Penguin Press.
TradingView Pine Script Documentation: www.tradingview.com
TradingView Blog: “Use an Input From Another Indicator With Your Strategy” www.tradingview.com
GeeksforGeeks: “What is the Difference Between Markov Chains and Hidden Markov Models?” www.geeksforgeeks.org
What makes this indicator original and unique?
- On‑chart, real‑time Markov. The chain is drawn directly on your chart. You see the current regime, its tendency to stay (self‑loop), and the usual next step (arrows) as bars confirm.
- Source‑agnostic by design. The engine runs on any series you select via input.source() — price, your own oscillator, a composite score, anything you compute in the script.
- Automatic normalization + regime mapping. Different inputs live on different scales. The script standardizes your chosen source and maps it into clear regimes (e.g., Bull / Bear / Neutral) without you micromanaging thresholds each time.
- Rolling, bar‑by‑bar learning. Transition tendencies are computed from a rolling window of confirmed bars. What you see is exactly what the market did in that window.
- Fast experimentation. Switch the source, adjust the window, and the Markov view updates instantly. It’s a rapid way to test ideas and feel regime persistence/switch behavior.
Integrate your own signals (using input.source())
- In settings, choose the Source . This is powered by input.source() .
- Feed it price, an indicator you compute inside the script, or a custom composite series.
- The script will automatically normalize that series and process it through the Markov engine, mapping it to regimes and updating the on‑chart spheres/arrows in real time.
Credits:
Deep gratitude to @RicardoSantos for both the foundational Markov chain processing engine and inspiring open-source contributions, which made advanced probabilistic market modeling accessible to the TradingView community.
Special thanks to @Alien_Algorithms for the innovative and visually stunning 3D sphere logic that powers the indicator’s animated, regime-based visualization.
Disclaimer
This tool summarizes recent behavior. It is not financial advice and not a guarantee of future results.
TCP | Market Session | Session Analyzer📌 TCP | Market Session Indicator | Crypto Version
A powerful, real-time market session visualization tool tailored for crypto traders. Track the heartbeat of Asia, Europe, and US trading hours directly on your chart with live session boxes, behavioral analysis, liquidity grab detection, and countdown timers. Know when the action starts, how the market behaves, and where the traps lie.
🔰 Introduction:
Trade the Right Hours with the Right Tools
Time matters in trading. Most significant moves happen during key sessions—and knowing when and how each session unfolds can give you a sharp edge. The TCP Market Session Indicator, developed by Trade City Pro (TCP), puts professional session tracking and behavioral insights at your fingertips.
Whether you're a scalper or swing trader, this indicator gives you the timing context to enter and exit trades with greater confidence and clarity.
🕒 Core Features
• Live Session Boxes :
Highlight active ranges during Asia, Europe, and US sessions with dynamic high/low updates.
• Session Start/End Labels :
Know exactly when each session begins and ends plotted clearly on your chart with context.
• Session Behavior Analysis :
At the end of each session, the indicator classifies the price action as:
- Trend Up
- Trend Down
- Consolidation
- Manipulation
• Liquidity Grab Detection: Automatically detects possible stop hunts (fake breakouts) and marks them on the chart with precision filters (volume, ATR, reversal).
• Session Countdown Table: A live dashboard showing:
- Current active session
- Time left in session
- Upcoming session and how many minutes until it starts
- Utility time converter (e.g. 90 min = 01:30)
• Vertical Session Lines: Visualize past and upcoming session boundaries with customizable history and future range.
• Multi-Day Support: Draw session ranges for previous, current, and future days for better backtesting and forecasting.
⚙️ Settings Panel
Customize everything to fit your trading style and schedule:
• Session Time Settings:
Set the opening and closing time for each session manually using UTC-based minute inputs.
→ For example, enter Asia Start: 0, Asia End: 480 for 00:00–08:00 UTC.
This gives full flexibility to adjust session hours to match your preferred market behavior.
• Enable or Disable Elements:
Toggle the visibility of each session (Asia, Europe, US), as well as:
- Session Boxes
- Countdown Table
- Session Lines
- Liquidity Grab Labels
• Timezone Selection:
Choose between using UTC or your chart’s local timezone for session calculations.
• Customization Options:
Select number of past and future days to draw session data
Adjust vertical line transparency
Fine-tune label offset and spacing for clean layout
📊 Smart Session Boxes
Each session box tracks high, low, open, and close in real time, providing visual clarity on market structure. Once a session ends, the box closes, and the behavior type is saved and labeled ideal for spotting patterns across sessions.
• Asia: Green Box
• Europe: Orange Box
• US: Blue Box
💡 Why Use This Tool?
• Perfect Timing: Don’t get chopped in low-liquidity hours. Focus on sessions where volume and volatility align.
• Pattern Recognition: Study how price behaves session-to-session to build better strategies.
• Trap Detection: Spot manipulation moves (liquidity grabs) early and avoid common retail pitfalls.
• Macro Session Mapping: Use as a foundational layer to align trades with market structure and news cycles.
🔍 Example Use Case
You're watching BTC at 12:45 UTC. The indicator tells you:
The Asia session just ended (label shows “Asia Session End: Trend Up”)
Europe session starts in 15 minutes
A liquidity grab just triggered at the previous high—label confirmed
Now you know who’s active, what the market just did, and what’s about to start—all in one glance.
✅ Why Traders Trust It
• Visual & Intuitive: Fully chart-based, no clutter, no guessing
• Crypto-Focused: Designed specifically for 24/7 crypto markets (not outdated forex models)
• Non-Repainting: All labels and boxes stay as printed—no tricks
• Reliable: Tested across multiple exchanges, pairs, and timeframes
🧩 Built by Trade City Pro (TCP)
The TCP Market Session Indicator is part of a suite of professional tools used by over 150,000 traders. It’s coded in Pine Script v6 for full compatibility with TradingView’s latest capabilities.
🔗 Resources
• Tutorial: Learn how to analyze sessions like a pro in our TradingView guide:
"TradeCityPro Academy: Session Mapping & Liquidity Traps"
• More Tools: Explore our full library of indicators on
SuperBody CandlesInspired by the original script by Gautam_Dixit.
Updated to the latest Pine Script v6, now featuring fully customizable color settings so users can tailor hues to their preference.
Description:
The Momentum Candle indicator highlights bars whose real body significantly exceeds the 15-period average. 'Super' bullish and bearish candles (body ≥ 1.5× avg) receive standout colors, while above-average and below-average bars are tinted differently to reflect momentum strength.
Directional Market Efficiency [QuantAlgo]🟢 Overview
The Directional Market Efficiency indicator is an advanced trend analysis tool that measures how efficiently price moves in a given direction relative to the total price movement over a specified period. Unlike traditional momentum oscillators that only measure price change magnitude, this indicator combines efficiency measurement with directional bias to provide a comprehensive view of market behavior ranging from -1 (perfectly efficient downward movement) to +1 (perfectly efficient upward movement).
The indicator transforms the classic Efficiency Ratio concept by incorporating directional bias, creating a normalized oscillator that simultaneously reveals trend strength, direction, and market regime (trending vs. ranging). This dual-purpose functionality helps traders and investors identify high-probability trend continuation opportunities while filtering out choppy, inefficient price movements that often lead to false signals and whipsaws.
🟢 How It Works
The indicator employs a sophisticated two-step calculation process that first measures pure efficiency, then applies directional weighting to create the final signal. The efficiency calculation compares the absolute net price change over a lookback period to the sum of all individual bar-to-bar price movements during that same period. This ratio reveals how much of the total price movement contributed to actual progress in a specific direction.
The directional component applies the mathematical sign of the net price change (positive for upward movement, negative for downward movement) to the efficiency ratio, creating values between -1 and +1. The resulting Directional Efficiency is then smoothed using an Exponential Moving Average to reduce noise while maintaining responsiveness. Additionally, the system incorporates a configurable threshold level that distinguishes between trending markets (high efficiency) and ranging markets (low efficiency), enabling regime-based analysis and strategy adaptation.
🟢 How to Use
1. Signal Interpretation and Market Regime Analysis
Positive Territory (Above Zero): Indicates efficient upward price movement with bullish directional bias and favorable conditions for long positions
Negative Territory (Below Zero): Signals efficient downward price movement with bearish directional bias and favorable conditions for short positions
High Absolute Values (±0.4 to ±1.0): Represent highly efficient trending conditions with strong directional conviction and reduced noise
Low Absolute Values (±0.1 to ±0.3): Suggest ranging or consolidating markets with inefficient price movement and increased whipsaw risk
Zero Line Crosses: Mark critical directional shifts and provide primary entry/exit signals for trend-following strategies
2. Threshold-Based Market Regime Classification
Above Threshold (Trending Markets): When efficiency exceeds the threshold level, markets are classified as trending, favoring momentum strategies
Below Threshold (Ranging Markets): When efficiency falls below the threshold, markets are classified as ranging, favoring mean reversion approaches
3. Preset Configurations for Different Trading Styles
Default
Universally applicable configuration optimized for medium-term analysis across multiple timeframes and asset classes, providing balanced sensitivity and noise filtering.
Scalping
Highly responsive setup for ultra-short-term trades with increased sensitivity to quick efficiency changes. Best suited for 1-15 minute charts and rapid-fire trading approaches.
Swing Trading
Designed for multi-day position holding with enhanced noise filtering and focus on sustained efficiency trends. Optimal for 1-4 hour and daily timeframe analysis.
🟢 Pro Tips for Trading and Investing
→ Trend Continuation Filter: Enter long positions when Directional Efficiency crosses above zero in trending markets (above threshold) and short positions when crossing below zero, ensuring alignment with efficient price movement.
→ Range Trading Optimization: In ranging markets (below threshold), take profits on extreme readings and enter mean reversion trades when efficiency approaches zero from either direction.
→ Multi-Timeframe Confluence: Combine higher timeframe trend direction with lower timeframe efficiency signals for optimal entry timing.
→ Risk Management Enhancement: Reduce position sizes or avoid new entries when efficiency readings are weak (near zero), as these conditions indicate higher probability of choppy, unpredictable price movement.
→ Signal Strength Assessment: Prioritize trades with high absolute efficiency values (±0.4 or higher) as these represent the most reliable directional moves with reduced likelihood of immediate reversal.
→ Regime Transition Trading: Watch for efficiency threshold breaks combined with directional changes as these often mark significant trend initiation or termination points requiring strategic position adjustments.
→ Alert Integration: Utilize the built-in alert system for real time notifications of zero-line crosses, threshold breaks, and regime changes to maintain constant market awareness without continuous chart monitoring.
Fair Value Trend Model [SiDec]ABSTRACT
This pine script introduces the Fair Value Trend Model, an on-chart indicator for TradingView that constructs a continuously updating "fair-value" estimate of an asset's price via a logarithmic regression on historical data. Specifically, this model has been applied to Bitcoin (BTC) to fully grasp its fair value in the cryptocurrency market. Symmetric channel bands, defined by fixed percentage offsets around this central fair-value curve, provide a visual band within which normal price fluctuations may occur. Additionally, a short-term projection extends both the fair-value trend and its channel bands forward by a user-specified number of bars.
INTRODUCTION
Technical analysts frequently seek to identify an underlying equilibrium or "fair value" about which prices oscillate. Traditional approaches-moving averages, linear regressions in price-time space, or midlines-capture linear trends but often misrepresent the exponential or power-law growth patterns observable in many financial markets. The Fair Value Trend Model addresses this by performing an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression in log-space, fitting ln(Price) against ln(Days since inception). In practice, the primary application has been to Bitcoin, aiming to fully capture Bitcoin's underlying value dynamics.
The result is a curved trend line in regular (price-time) coordinates, reflecting Bitcoin's long-term compounding characteristics. Surrounding this fair-value curve, symmetric bands at user-specified percentage deviations serve as dynamic support and resistance levels. A simple linear projection extends both the central fair-value and its bands into the immediate future, providing traders with a heuristic for short-term trend continuation.
This exposition details:
Data transformation: converting bar timestamps into days since first bar, then applying natural logarithms to both time and price.
Regression mechanics: incremental (or rolling-window) accumulation of sums to compute the log-space fit parameters.
Fair-value reconstruction: exponentiation of the regression output to yield a price-space estimate.
Channel-band definition: establishing ±X% offsets around the fair-value curve and rendering them visually.
Forecasting methodology: projecting both the fair-value trend and channel bands by extrapolating the most recent incremental change in price-space.
Interpretation: how traders can leverage this model for trend identification, mean-reversion setups, and breakout analysis, particularly in Bitcoin trading.
Analysing the macro cycle on Bitcoin's monthly timeframe illustrates how the fair-value curve aligns with multi-year structural turning points.
DATA TRANSFORMATION AND NOTATION
1. Timestamp Baseline (t0)
Let t0 = timestamp of the very first bar on the chart (in milliseconds). Each subsequent bar has a timestamp ti, where ti ≥ t0.
2. Days Since Inception (d(t))
Define the “days since first bar” as
d(t) = max(1, (t − t0) / 86400000.0)
Here, 86400000.0 represents the number of milliseconds in one day (1,000 ms × 60 seconds × 60 minutes × 24 hours). The lower bound of 1 ensures that we never compute ln(0).
3. Logarithmic Coordinates:
Given the bar’s closing price P(t), define:
xi = ln( d(ti) )
yi = ln( P(ti) )
Thus, each data point is transformed to (xi, yi) in log‐space.
REGRESSION FORMULATION
We assume a log‐linear relationship:
yi = a + b·xi + εi
where εi is the residual error at bar i. Ordinary least squares (OLS) fitting minimizes the sum of squared residuals over N data points. Define the following accumulated sums:
Sx = Σ for i = 1 to N
Sy = Σ for i = 1 to N
Sxy = Σ for i = 1 to N
Sx2 = Σ for i = 1 to N
N = number of data points
The OLS estimates for b (slope) and a (intercept) are:
b = ( N·Sxy − Sx·Sy ) / ( N·Sx2 − (Sx)^2 )
a = ( Sy − b·Sx ) / N
All‐Time Versus Rolling‐Window Mode:
All-Time Mode:
Each new bar increments N by 1.
Update Sx ← Sx + xN, Sy ← Sy + yN, Sxy ← Sxy + xN·yN, Sx2 ← Sx2 + xN^2.
Recompute a and b using the formulas above on the entire dataset.
Rolling-Window Mode:
Fix a window length W. Maintain two arrays holding the most recent W values of {xi} and {yi}.
On each new bar N:
Append (xN, yN) to the arrays; add xN, yN, xN·yN, xN^2 to the sums Sx, Sy, Sxy, Sx2.
If the arrays’ length exceeds W, remove the oldest point (xN−W, yN−W) and subtract its contributions from the sums.
Update N_roll = min(N, W).
Compute b and a using N_roll, Sx, Sy, Sxy, Sx2 as above.
This incremental approach requires only O(1) operations per bar instead of recomputing sums from scratch, making it computationally efficient for long time series.
FAIR‐VALUE RECONSTRUCTION
Once coefficients (a, b) are obtained, the regressed log‐price at time t is:
ŷ(t) = a + b·ln( d(t) )
Mapping back to price space yields the “fair‐value”:
F(t) = exp( ŷ(t) )
= exp( a + b·ln( d(t) ) )
= exp(a) · ^b
In other words, F(t) is a power‐law function of “days since inception,” with exponent b and scale factor C = exp(a). Special cases:
If b = 1, F(t) = C · d(t), which is an exponential function in original time.
If b > 1, the fair‐value grows super‐linearly (accelerating compounding).
If 0 < b < 1, it grows sub‐linearly.
If b < 0, the fair‐value declines over time.
CHANNEL‐BAND DEFINITION
To visualise a “normal” range around the fair‐value curve F(t), we define two channel bands at fixed percentage offsets:
1. Upper Channel Band
U(t) = F(t) · (1 + α_upper)
where α_upper = (Channel Band Upper %) / 100.
2. Lower Channel Band
L(t) = F(t) · (1 − α_lower)
where α_lower = (Channel Band Lower %) / 100.
For example, default values of 50% imply α_upper = α_lower = 0.50, so:
U(t) = 1.50 · F(t)
L(t) = 0.50 · F(t)
When “Show FV Channel Bands” is enabled, both U(t) and L(t) are plotted in a neutral grey, and a semi‐transparent fill is drawn between them to emphasise the channel region.
SHORT‐TERM FORECAST PROJECTION
To extend both the fair‐value and its channel bands M bars into the future, the model uses a simple constant‐increment extrapolation in price space. The procedure is:
1. Compute Recent Increments
Let
F_prev = F( t_{N−1} )
F_curr = F( t_N )
Then define the per‐bar change in fair‐value:
ΔF = F_curr − F_prev
Similarly, for channel bands:
U_prev = U( t_{N−1} ), U_curr = U( t_N ), ΔU = U_curr − U_prev
L_prev = L( t_{N−1} ), L_curr = L( t_N ), ΔL = L_curr − L_prev
2. Forecasted Values After M Bars
Assuming the same per‐bar increments continue:
F_future = F_curr + M · ΔF
U_future = U_curr + M · ΔU
L_future = L_curr + M · ΔL
These forecasted values produce dashed lines on the chart:
A dashed segment from (bar_N, F_curr) to (bar_{N+M}, F_future).
Dashed segments from (bar_N, U_curr) to (bar_{N+M}, U_future), and from (bar_N, L_curr) to (bar_{N+M}, L_future).
Forecasted channel bands are rendered in a subdued grey to distinguish them from the current solid bands. Because this method does not re‐estimate regression coefficients for future t > t_N, it serves as a quick visual heuristic of trend continuation rather than a precise statistical forecast.
MATHEMATICAL SUMMARY
Summarising all key formulas:
1. Days Since Inception
d(t_i) = max( 1, ( t_i − t0 ) / 86400000.0 )
x_i = ln( d(t_i) )
y_i = ln( P(t_i) )
2. Regression Summations (for i = 1..N)
Sx = Σ
Sy = Σ
Sxy = Σ
Sx2 = Σ
N = number of data points (or N_roll if using rolling‐window)
3. OLS Estimator
b = ( N · Sxy − Sx · Sy ) / ( N · Sx2 − (Sx)^2 )
a = ( Sy − b · Sx ) / N
4. Fair‐Value Computation
ŷ(t) = a + b · ln( d(t) )
F(t) = exp( ŷ(t) ) = exp(a) · ^b
5. Channel Bands
U(t) = F(t) · (1 + α_upper)
L(t) = F(t) · (1 − α_lower)
with α_upper = (Channel Band Upper %) / 100, α_lower = (Channel Band Lower %) / 100.
6. Forecast Projection
ΔF = F_curr − F_prev
F_future = F_curr + M · ΔF
ΔU = U_curr − U_prev
U_future = U_curr + M · ΔU
ΔL = L_curr − L_prev
L_future = L_curr + M · ΔL
IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS
1. Time Precision
Timestamps are recorded in milliseconds. Dividing by 86400000.0 yields days with fractional precision.
For the very first bar, d(t) = 1 ensures x = ln(1) = 0, avoiding an undefined logarithm.
2. Incremental Versus Sliding Summation
All‐Time Mode: Uses persistent scalar variables (Sx, Sy, Sxy, Sx2, N). On each new bar, add the latest x and y contributions to the sums.
Rolling‐Window Mode: Employs fixed‐length arrays for {x_i} and {y_i}. On each bar, append (x_N, y_N) and update sums; if array length exceeds W, remove the oldest element and subtract its contribution from the sums. This maintains exact sums over the most recent W data points without recomputing from scratch.
3. Numerical Robustness
If the denominator N·Sx2 − (Sx)^2 equals zero (e.g., all x_i identical, as when only one day has passed), then set b = 0 and a = Sy / N. This produces a constant fair‐value F(t) = exp(a).
Enforcing d(t) ≥ 1 avoids attempts to compute ln(0).
4. Plotting Strategy
The fair‐value line F(t) is plotted on each new bar. Its color depends on whether the current price P(t) is above or below F(t): a “bullish” color (e.g., green) when P(t) ≥ F(t), and a “bearish” color (e.g., red) when P(t) < F(t).
The channel bands U(t) and L(t) are plotted in a neutral grey when enabled; otherwise they are set to “not available” (no plot).
A semi‐transparent fill is drawn between U(t) and L(t). Because the fill function is executed at global scope, it is automatically suppressed if either U(t) or L(t) is not plotted (na).
5. Forecast Line Management
Each projection line (for F, U, and L) is created via a persistent line object. On successive bars, the code updates the endpoints of the same line rather than creating a new one each time, preserving chart clarity.
If forecasting is disabled, any existing projection lines are deleted to avoid cluttering the chart.
INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATIONS
1. Trend Identification
The fair‐value curve F(t) represents the best‐fit long‐term trend under the assumption that ln(Price) scales linearly with ln(Days since inception). By capturing power‐law or exponential patterns, it can more accurately reflect underlying compounding behavior than simple linear regressions.
When actual price P(t) lies above U(t), it may be considered “overextended” relative to its long‐term trend; when price falls below L(t), it may be deemed “oversold.” These conditions can signal potential mean‐reversion or breakout opportunities.
2. Mean‐Reversion and Breakout Signals
If price re‐enters the channel after touching or slightly breaching L(t), some traders interpret this as a mean‐reversion bounce and consider initiating a long position.
Conversely, a sustained move above U(t) can indicate strong upward momentum and a possible bullish breakout. Traders often seek confirmation (e.g., price remaining above U(t) for multiple bars, rising volume, or corroborating momentum indicators) before acting.
3. Rolling Versus All‐Time Usage
All‐Time Mode: Captures the entire dataset since inception, focusing on structural, long‐term trends. It is less sensitive to short‐term noise or volatility spikes.
Rolling‐Window Mode: Restricts the regression to the most recent W bars, making the fair‐value curve more responsive to changing market regimes, sudden volatility expansions, or fundamental shifts. Traders who wish to align the model with local behaviour often choose W so that it approximates a market cycle length (e.g., 100–200 bars on a daily chart).
4. Channel Percentage Selection
A wider band (e.g., ±50 %) accommodates larger price swings, reducing the frequency of breaches but potentially delaying actionable signals.
A narrower band (e.g., ±10 %) yields more frequent “overbought/oversold” alerts but may produce more false signals during normal volatility. It is advisable to calibrate the channel width to the asset’s historical volatility regime.
5. Forecast Cautions
The short‐term projection assumes that the last single‐bar increment ΔF remains constant for M bars. In reality, trend acceleration or deceleration can occur, rendering the linear forecast inaccurate.
As such, the forecast serves as a visual guide rather than a statistically rigorous prediction. It is best used in conjunction with other momentum, volume, or volatility indicators to confirm trend continuation or reversal.
LIMITATIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS
1. Power‐Law Assumption
By fitting ln(P) against ln(d), the model posits that P(t) ≈ C · ^b. Real markets may deviate from a pure power‐law, especially around significant news events or structural regime changes. Temporary misalignment can occur.
2. Fixed Channel Width
Markets exhibit heteroskedasticity: volatility can expand or contract unpredictably. A static ±X % band does not adapt to changing volatility. During high‐volatility periods, a fixed ±50 % may prove too narrow and be breached frequently; in unusually calm periods, it may be excessively broad, masking meaningful variations.
3. Endpoint Sensitivity
Regression‐based indicators often display greater curvature near the most recent data, especially under rolling‐window mode. This can create sudden “jumps” in F(t) when new bars arrive, potentially confusing users who expect smoother behaviour.
4. Forecast Simplification
The projection does not re‐estimate regression slope b for future times. It only extends the most recent single‐bar change. Consequently, it should be regarded as an indicative extension rather than a precise forecast.
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION ON TRADINGVIEW
1 Adding the Indicator
In TradingView’s “Indicators” dialog, search for Fair Value Trend Model or visit my profile, under "scripts" add it to your chart.
Add it to any chart (e.g., BTCUSD, AAPL, EURUSD) to see real‐time computation.
2. Configuring Inputs
Show Forecast Line: Toggle on or off the dashed projection of the fair‐value.
Forecast Bars: Choose M, the number of bars to extend into the future (default is often 30).
Forecast Line Colour: Select a high‐contrast colour (e.g., yellow).
Bullish FV Colour / Bearish FV Colour: Define the colour of the fair‐value line when price is above (e.g., green) or below it (e.g., red).
Show FV Channel Bands: Enable to display the grey channel bands around the fair‐value.
Channel Band Upper % / Channel Band Lower %: Set α_upper and α_lower as desired (defaults of 50 % create a ±50 % envelope).
Use Rolling Window?: Choose whether to restrict the regression to recent data.
Window Bars: If rolling mode is enabled, designate W, the number of bars to include.
3. Visual Output
The central curve F(t) appears on the price chart, coloured green when P(t) ≥ F(t) and red when P(t) < F(t).
If channel bands are enabled, the chart shows two grey lines U(t) and L(t) and a subtle shading between them.
If forecasting is active, dashed extensions of F(t), U(t), and L(t) appear, projecting forward by M bars in neutral hues.
CONCLUSION
The Fair Value Trend Model furnishes traders with a mathematically principled estimate of an asset’s equilibrium price curve by fitting a log‐linear regression to historical data. Its channel bands delineate a normal corridor of fluctuation based on fixed percentage offsets, while an optional short‐term projection offers a visual approximation of trend continuation.
By operating in log‐space, the model effectively captures exponential or power‐law growth patterns that linear methods overlook. Rolling‐window capability enables responsiveness to regime shifts, whereas all‐time mode highlights broader structural trends. Nonetheless, users should remain mindful of the model’s assumptions—particularly the power‐law form and fixed band percentages—and employ the forecast projection as a supplemental guide rather than a standalone predictor.
When combined with complementary indicators (e.g., volatility measures, momentum oscillators, volume analysis) and robust risk management, the Fair Value Trend Model can enhance market timing, mean‐reversion identification, and breakout detection across diverse trading environments.
REFERENCES
Draper, N. R., & Smith, H. (1998). Applied Regression Analysis (3rd ed.). Wiley.
Tsay, R. S. (2014). Introductory Time Series with R (2nd ed.). Springer.
Hull, J. C. (2017). Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives (10th ed.). Pearson.
These references provide background on regression, time-series analysis, and financial modeling.
Volume Block Order AnalyzerCore Concept
The Volume Block Order Analyzer is a sophisticated Pine Script strategy designed to detect and analyze institutional money flow through large block trades. It identifies unusually high volume candles and evaluates their directional bias to provide clear visual signals of potential market movements.
How It Works: The Mathematical Model
1. Volume Anomaly Detection
The strategy first identifies "block trades" using a statistical approach:
```
avgVolume = ta.sma(volume, lookbackPeriod)
isHighVolume = volume > avgVolume * volumeThreshold
```
This means a candle must have volume exceeding the recent average by a user-defined multiplier (default 2.0x) to be considered a significant block trade.
2. Directional Impact Calculation
For each block trade identified, its price action determines direction:
- Bullish candle (close > open): Positive impact
- Bearish candle (close < open): Negative impact
The magnitude of impact is proportional to the volume size:
```
volumeWeight = volume / avgVolume // How many times larger than average
blockImpact = (isBullish ? 1.0 : -1.0) * (volumeWeight / 10)
```
This creates a normalized impact score typically ranging from -1.0 to 1.0, scaled by dividing by 10 to prevent excessive values.
3. Cumulative Impact with Time Decay
The key innovation is the cumulative impact calculation with decay:
```
cumulativeImpact := cumulativeImpact * impactDecay + blockImpact
```
This mathematical model has important properties:
- Recent block trades have stronger influence than older ones
- Impact gradually "fades" at rate determined by decay factor (default 0.95)
- Sustained directional pressure accumulates over time
- Opposing pressure gradually counteracts previous momentum
Trading Logic
Signal Generation
The strategy generates trading signals based on momentum shifts in institutional order flow:
1. Long Entry Signal: When cumulative impact crosses from negative to positive
```
if ta.crossover(cumulativeImpact, 0)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
```
*Logic: Institutional buying pressure has overcome selling pressure, indicating potential upward movement*
2. Short Entry Signal: When cumulative impact crosses from positive to negative
```
if ta.crossunder(cumulativeImpact, 0)
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)
```
*Logic: Institutional selling pressure has overcome buying pressure, indicating potential downward movement*
3. Exit Logic: Positions are closed when the cumulative impact moves against the position
```
if cumulativeImpact < 0
strategy.close("Long")
```
*Logic: The original signal is no longer valid as institutional flow has reversed*
Visual Interpretation System
The strategy employs multiple visualization techniques:
1. Color Gradient Bar System:
- Deep green: Strong buying pressure (impact > 0.5)
- Light green: Moderate buying pressure (0.1 < impact ≤ 0.5)
- Yellow-green: Mild buying pressure (0 < impact ≤ 0.1)
- Yellow: Neutral (impact = 0)
- Yellow-orange: Mild selling pressure (-0.1 < impact ≤ 0)
- Orange: Moderate selling pressure (-0.5 < impact ≤ -0.1)
- Red: Strong selling pressure (impact ≤ -0.5)
2. Dynamic Impact Line:
- Plots the cumulative impact as a line
- Line color shifts with impact value
- Line movement shows momentum and trend strength
3. Block Trade Labels:
- Marks significant block trades directly on the chart
- Shows direction and volume amount
- Helps identify key moments of institutional activity
4. Information Dashboard:
- Current impact value and signal direction
- Average volume benchmark
- Count of significant block trades
- Min/Max impact range
Benefits and Use Cases
This strategy provides several advantages:
1. Institutional Flow Detection: Identifies where large players are positioning themselves
2. Early Trend Identification: Often detects institutional accumulation/distribution before major price movements
3. Market Context Enhancement: Provides deeper insight than simple price action alone
4. Objective Decision Framework: Quantifies what might otherwise be subjective observations
5. Adaptive to Market Conditions: Works across different timeframes and instruments by using relative volume rather than absolute thresholds
Customization Options
The strategy allows users to fine-tune its behavior:
- Volume Threshold: How unusual a volume spike must be to qualify
- Lookback Period: How far back to measure average volume
- Impact Decay Factor: How quickly older trades lose influence
- Visual Settings: Labels and line width customization
This sophisticated yet intuitive strategy provides traders with a window into institutional activity, helping identify potential trend changes before they become obvious in price action alone.
Cash And Carry Arbitrage BTC Compare Month 6 by SeoNo1Detailed Explanation of the BTC Cash and Carry Arbitrage Script
Script Title: BTC Cash And Carry Arbitrage Month 6 by SeoNo1
Short Title: BTC C&C ABT Month 6
Version: Pine Script v5
Overlay: True (The indicators are plotted directly on the price chart)
Purpose of the Script
This script is designed to help traders analyze and track arbitrage opportunities between the spot market and futures market for Bitcoin (BTC). Specifically, it calculates the spread and Annual Percentage Yield (APY) from a cash-and-carry arbitrage strategy until a specific expiry date (in this case, June 27, 2025).
The strategy helps identify profitable opportunities when the futures price of BTC is higher than the spot price. Traders can then buy BTC in the spot market and short BTC futures contracts to lock in a risk-free profit.
1. Input Settings
Spot Symbol: The real-time BTC spot price from Binance (BTCUSDT).
Futures Symbol: The BTC futures contract that expires in June 2025 (BTCUSDM2025).
Expiry Date: The expiration date of the futures contract, set to June 27, 2025.
These inputs allow users to adjust the symbols or expiry date according to their trading needs.
2. Price Data Retrieval
Spot Price: Fetches the latest closing price of BTC from the spot market.
Futures Price: Fetches the latest closing price of BTC futures.
Spread: The difference between the futures price and the spot price (futures_price - spot_price).
The spread indicates how much higher (or lower) the futures price is compared to the spot market.
3. Time to Maturity (TTM) and Annual Percentage Yield (APY) Calculation
Current Date: Gets the current timestamp.
Time to Maturity (TTM): The number of days left until the futures contract expires.
APY Calculation:
Formula:
APY = ( Spread / Spot Price ) x ( 365 / TTM Days ) x 100
This represents the annualized return from holding a cash-and-carry arbitrage position if the trader buys BTC at the spot price and sells BTC futures.
4. Display Information Table on the Chart
A table is created on the chart's top-right corner showing the following data:
Metric: Labels such as Spread and APY
Value: Displays the calculated spread and APY
The table automatically updates at the latest bar to display the most recent data.
5. Alert Condition
This sets an alert condition that triggers every time the script runs.
In practice, users can modify this alert to trigger based on specific conditions (e.g., APY exceeds a threshold).
6. Plotting the APY and Spread
APY Plot: Displays the annualized yield as a blue line on the chart.
Spread Plot: Visualizes the futures-spot spread as a red line.
This helps traders quickly identify arbitrage opportunities when the spread or APY reaches desirable levels.
How to Use the Script
Monitor Arbitrage Opportunities:
A positive spread indicates a potential cash-and-carry arbitrage opportunity.
The larger the APY, the more profitable the arbitrage opportunity could be.
Timing Trades:
Execute a buy on the BTC spot market and simultaneously sell BTC futures when the APY is attractive.
Close both positions upon futures contract expiry to realize profits.
Risk Management:
Ensure you have sufficient margin to hold both positions until expiry.
Monitor funding rates and volatility, which could affect returns.
Conclusion
This script is an essential tool for traders looking to exploit price discrepancies between the BTC spot market and futures market through a cash-and-carry arbitrage strategy. It provides real-time data on spreads, annualized returns (APY), and visual alerts, helping traders make informed decisions and maximize their profit potential.
Pine Script Boilerplate ExampleI frequently receive questions about my coding style and logic, so I decided to publish a simple indicator that draws the OHLC of a higher timeframe as an example of my coding style. This example will also explain my approach to writing indicators.
This indicator showcases how I use Types and Methods to structure my code and maintain clarity in logic. It demonstrates how I collect input data, organize the flow of the code, and utilize the TradingView method feature.
The example illustrates:
1. The use of input settings within a settings object to keep configurations grouped together.
2. The use of Types to create an object that consolidates relevant data.
3. The collection of objects to create, update, and render elements on the chart.
Checklist By TAZFX with Trade ScoreTrading Checklist is a customizable indicator designed for traders who want to stay disciplined and stick to their trading rules. Using this indicator, you can easily create and display your own personalized checklist of trading rules directly on your TradingView chart.
1. Customizable Settings:
• Positioning : Place the table in one of nine positions on the chart (e.g., bottom left, top right).
• Header : Modify the banner text, size, and color.
• Row Content : Define text for each row and control visibility.
• Appearance : Adjust text and background colors.
2. Checklist Table:
•Displays up to 8 rows with checkboxes (✅/❌) and custom labels for trade evaluation.
•Useful for tracking whether specific trade conditions or rules are met.
3. Trade Score Calculation:
•The Trade Score is a percentage that shows how many of your checklist items are checked compared to the total visible items.
iteratorThe "Iterator" library is designed to provide a flexible way to work with sequences of values. This library offers a set of functions to create and manage iterators for various data types, including integers, floats, and more. Whether you need to generate an array of values with specific increments or iterate over elements in reverse order, this library has you covered.
Key Features:
Array Creation: Easily generate arrays of integers or floats with customizable steps, both inclusive and exclusive of the end values.
Flexible Iteration: Includes methods to iterate over arrays of different types, such as booleans, integers, floats, strings, colors, and drawing objects like lines and labels.
Reverse Iteration: Support for reverse iteration, giving you control over the order in which elements are processed.
Automatic Loop Control: One of the key advantages of this library is that when using the .iterate() method, it only loops over the array when there are values present. This means you don’t have to manually check if the array is populated before iterating, simplifying your code and reducing potential errors.
Versatile Use Cases: Ideal for scenarios where you need to loop over an array without worrying about empty arrays or checking conditions manually.
This library is particularly useful in cases where you need to perform operations on each element in an array, ensuring that your loops are efficient and free from unnecessary checks.
Library "iterator"
The "iterator" library provides a versatile and efficient set of functions for creating and managing iterators.
It allows you to generate arrays of integers or floats with customizable steps, both inclusive and exclusive of the end values.
The library also includes methods for iterating over various types, including booleans, integers, floats, strings, colors,
and drawing objects like lines and labels. With support for reverse iteration and flexible customization options.
iterator(stop, start, step)
Creates an array of integers from start to stop with a specified step, excluding the stop value.
Parameters:
stop (int) : The end value of the iterator, exclusive.
start (int) : The starting value of the iterator. Default is 0.
step (int) : The increment value for each step in the iterator. Default is 1. Must be greater than 0.
Returns: An array of integers incremented by the step value from start to stop. Will return and empty array if start = stop.
iterator(stop, start, step)
Creates an array of floats from start to stop with a specified step, excluding the stop value.
Parameters:
stop (float) : The end value of the iterator, exclusive.
start (float) : The starting value of the iterator. Default is 0.
step (float) : The increment value for each step in the iterator. Default is 1. Must be greater than 0.
Returns: An array of floats incremented by the step value from start to stop. Will return and empty array if start = stop.
iterator_inclusive(stop, start, step)
Creates an array of integers from start to stop with a specified step, including the stop value.
Parameters:
stop (int) : The end value of the iterator, inclusive.
start (int) : The starting value of the iterator. Default is 0.
step (int) : The increment value for each step in the iterator. Default is 1. Must be greater than 0.
Returns: An array of integers incremented by the step value from start to stop, including the stop value.
iterator_inclusive(stop, start, step)
Creates an array of floats from start to stop with a specified step, including the stop value.
Parameters:
stop (float) : The end value of the iterator, inclusive.
start (float) : The starting value of the iterator. Default is 0.
step (float) : The increment value for each step in the iterator. Default is 1. Must be greater than 0.
Returns: An array of floats incremented by the step value from start to stop, including the stop value.
itr(stop, start, step)
Creates an array of integers from start to stop with a specified step, excluding the stop value.
Parameters:
stop (int) : The end value of the iterator, exclusive.
start (int) : The starting value of the iterator. Default is 0.
step (int) : The increment value for each step in the iterator. Default is 1. Must be greater than 0.
Returns: An array of integers incremented by the step value from start to stop.
itr(stop, start, step)
Creates an array of floats from start to stop with a specified step, excluding the stop value.
Parameters:
stop (float) : The end value of the iterator, exclusive.
start (float) : The starting value of the iterator. Default is 0.
step (float) : The increment value for each step in the iterator. Default is 1. Must be greater than 0.
Returns: An array of floats incremented by the step value from start to stop.
itr_in(stop, start, step)
Creates an array of integers from start to stop with a specified step, including the stop value.
Parameters:
stop (int) : The end value of the iterator, inclusive.
start (int) : The starting value of the iterator. Default is 0.
step (int) : The increment value for each step in the iterator. Default is 1. Must be greater than 0.
Returns: An array of integers incremented by the step value from start to stop, including the stop value.
itr_in(stop, start, step)
Creates an array of floats from start to stop with a specified step, including the stop value.
Parameters:
stop (float) : The end value of the iterator, inclusive.
start (float) : The starting value of the iterator. Default is 0.
step (float) : The increment value for each step in the iterator. Default is 1. Must be greater than 0.
Returns: An array of floats incremented by the step value from start to stop, including the stop value.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
method iterate(self, reverse)
Creates an iterator array for the indices of ana array, with an option to reverse the order.
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
self (array) : The array to iterate over.
reverse (bool) : A boolean flag indicating whether to reverse the iterator order. Default is false.
Returns: An array of integers representing the indices of the array. The order can be reversed if specified.
Approximate Spectral Entropy-Based Market Momentum (SEMM)Overview
The Approximate Spectral Entropy-Based Market Momentum (SEMM) indicator combines the concepts of spectral entropy and traditional momentum to provide traders with insights into both the strength and the complexity of market movements. By measuring the randomness or predictability of price changes, SEMM helps traders understand whether the market is in a trending or consolidating state and how strong that trend or consolidation might be.
Key Features
Entropy Measurement: Calculates the approximate spectral entropy of price movements to quantify market randomness.
Momentum Analysis: Integrates entropy with rate-of-change (ROC) to highlight periods of strong or weak momentum.
Dynamic Market Insight: Provides a dual perspective on market behavior—both the trend strength and the underlying complexity.
Customizable Parameters: Adjustable window length for entropy calculation, allowing for fine-tuning to suit different market conditions.
Concepts Underlying the Calculations
The indicator utilizes Shannon entropy, a concept from information theory, to approximate the spectral entropy of price returns. Spectral entropy traditionally involves a Fourier Transform to analyze the frequency components of a signal, but due to Pine Script limitations, this indicator uses a simplified approach. It calculates log returns over a rolling window, normalizes them, and then computes the Shannon entropy. This entropy value represents the level of disorder or complexity in the market, which is then multiplied by traditional momentum measures like the rate of change (ROC).
How It Works
Price Returns Calculation: The indicator first computes the log returns of price data over a specified window length.
Entropy Calculation: These log returns are normalized and used to calculate the Shannon entropy, representing market complexity.
Momentum Integration: The calculated entropy is then multiplied by the rate of change (ROC) of prices to generate the SEMM value.
Signal Generation: High SEMM values indicate strong momentum with higher randomness, while low SEMM values indicate lower momentum with more predictable trends.
How Traders Can Use It
Trend Identification: Use SEMM to identify strong trends or potential trend reversals. Low entropy values can indicate a trending market, whereas high entropy suggests choppy or consolidating conditions.
Market State Analysis: Combine SEMM with other indicators or chart patterns to confirm the market's state—whether it's trending, ranging, or transitioning between states.
Risk Management: Consider high SEMM values as a signal to be cautious, as they suggest increased market unpredictability.
Example Usage Instructions
Add the Indicator: Apply the "Approximate Spectral Entropy-Based Market Momentum (SEMM)" indicator to your chart.
Adjust Parameters: Modify the length parameter to suit your trading timeframe. Shorter lengths are more responsive, while longer lengths smooth out the signal.
Analyze the Output: Observe the blue line for entropy and the red line for SEMM. Look for divergences or confirmations with price action to guide your trades.
Combine with Other Tools: Use SEMM alongside moving averages, support/resistance levels, or other indicators to build a comprehensive trading strategy.
Dark & Light Theme [TradingFinder] Switching Colors Library🔵 Introduction
One of the challenges of script users is matching the colors used in indicators or strategies. By default, colors are chosen to display based on either the dark theme or the light theme.
In scripts with a large number of colors used, changing all colors to better display in dark mode or light mode can be a difficult and tedious process.
This library provides developers with the ability to adjust the colors used in their scripts based on the theme of the display.
🔵 Logic
To categorize the color spectrum, the range from 0 to 255 of all three main colors red, green and blue was divided into smaller ranges.
Blue color, which is more effective in darkening or lightening colors, is divided into 8 categories, red color into 5 categories, and green color into 3 categories, because it has little effect on darkening or brightening colors.
The combination of these categories creates 120 different modes for the color range, which leads to a more accurate identification of the color and its brightness, and helps to decide how to change it.
Except for these 120 modes, there are 2 other modes that are related to colors almost white or black, which makes a total of 122 modes.
🔵 How to Use
First, you can add the library to your code as shown in the example below.
import TFlab/Dark_Light_Theme_TradingFinder_Switching_Colors_Library/1 as SC
🟣 Parameters
SwitchingColorMode(Color, Mode) =>
Parameters:
Color (color)
Mode (string)
Color : In this parameter, enter the color you want to adjust based on light mode and dark mode.
Mode : Three modes "Off", "Light" and "Dark" are included in this parameter. "Light" mode is for color adjustment for use in "Light Mode".
"Dark" mode is for color adjustment for use in "Dark Mode" and "Off" mode turns off the color adjustment function and the input color to the function is the same as the output color.
🔵 Function Outputs
OriginalColor = input.color(color.red)
= SC.SwitchingColorMode(OriginalColor, Mode)
